If then the usual laxatives, assisted by clysters, do not procure motions, and violent vomiting comes on, a grain of opium may be given in a single pill. If this is rejected, a tea spoonful of the tinctura opii camphorata may be taken alone, and repeated every hour till the stomach is quieter. This quantity is lost about the fauces, and its anodyne effect communicated to the stomach. We may, in the mean time, inject clysters; but should give nothing by the mouth, except a very small quantity of toast and water, or a very little peppermint tea. After about eight or ten hours the co-locynlh pill with calomel, or the infusion of senna with salts, may be cautiously tried, in small quantities, at short intervals; and stools are often in this way successfully procured.

At any part of this period, if the soreness and tension are considerable, a blister may be applied to the abdomen, or the patient put in the warm bath. Each remedy contributes to relieve the pain; but we have suspected that the warm bath hastens mortification. At least we have not been so successful, where it has been employed, as in those cases in which it has been omitted.

Dashing cold water against the legs and thighs, a remedy sometimes employed in the iliac passion, has been recommended in enteritis; but we suspect that it is not a safe remedy when inflammation has taken place. Bathing the abdomen with warm water, rendered more stimulant by camomile flowers and wormwood, generally precedes the application of blisters. Tartarised antimony, given in doses of a quarter or an eighth of a grain, and repeated every quarter of an hour, sometimes produces motions, when every other remedy has failed. It often happens, that, in the moment of approaching mortification, a sudden resolution takes place, and stools are evacuated. The extremities have perhaps already begun to grow cold, and languor to come on. In such cases, wine, with warm generous cordials, will prevent the approaching death, if the stools are freely kept up; but, either in this case, or when the relief is obtained at an earlier period, the evacuations from the bowels must be copious, free, and unremitted, while the stools are dark. It is too common to fear the debilitating effects of purging, and, after a few motions, to interpose opiates; but the debility must be indeed great to justify this conduct, for a relapse frequently follows. See Colica and Absckssus intestinorum. The ery thematic inflammation of the intestines may be treated as that of the stomach. See Inflammatio ventriculi; Cullen's First Lines, vol. i. p. 372, edit. 4.; Edinburgh Medical Commentaries, vol. iii. p. 722.

1. Inflammation of the mammae, mastodynia. Dr.

Cullen places this as a variety of the phlogosia phttg-mone; and though it may happen at any time, it usually attacks those who give suck. A shivering most frequently precedes, and the inflammation with more or less fever; a quick pulse, thirst, head ach, and difficult respiration, follow.

As the usual methods to prevent the afflux of milk in the breast are uncertain, to guard against inflammation, the mother should consent to suckle her child, at least during the first month. After this time, by gradually discontinuing the sucking, keeping the bowels lax, and the breasts as empty as possible, by means of glasses, inflammation may be usually prevented. But if it should actually take place, bleeding, a thin spare diet, laxatives, and applying a sedative or discutient embrocation by means of linen rags, which should be moistened with it as often as they dry, will be generally successful. The lotio ammoniae muriatae of Mr. Justa-niond is prepared in the following manner: ammoniae muriatae i. sps. rorismarini lb i. In pulverem redige ammoniam, et in spiritu solvatur. In the early stage of this disease, the lotio ammonias acetatae is recommended aquae ammoniae acetatae, sps. vin. rectif. aq. distillatae aa. iv. m. Some prefer the aqua ammoniae acetatae alone; or, a fomentation made of a decoction of poppy heads, in a pint of which an ounce of crude sal ammoniac is dissolved, will often succeed. To each of the lotions above mentioned the tinctura opii may be occasionally added. If the inflammation does not yield to this management, the best method is to encourage a suppuration without delay. See Abscessus pectoris, and Mammae; Bell's Surgery, vol. v. p. 396.

8. Inflammation of the mediastinum, mediastina. The cause and cure are the same with those of pleurisy, and the symptoms are often similar. The pain, however, is more confined to the sternum, and shoots across to the back. There is a difficulty of breathing, with cough, but not always, attended with spitting. These symptoms are not so violent as in a pleurisy, nor is the pain on inspiration so much increased, or the inflammatory diathesis so great. Suppuration is with difficultyavoided, and generally fatal.

9. Inflammation in the mesentery. See Peritonitis.

In this disease there is a languid slow fever, without thirst or other violent symptom; a loss of appetite, a sense of tension, and weight below the stomach, without much hardness, and only discoverable by pressing on it. This tension is without much pain, because the mesentery hath but a small degree of sensibility. The stools are often chylous, and succeeded by a discharge of thin ichor, without any sense of pain; sometimes pure and unmixed, and sometimes mixed with the faeces. These symptoms are mild and gentle, if the mesentery only is inflamed; but if the liver, spleen, or any of the intestines, are also affected, they are more violent, and distinguished by the appropriate symptoms of each disease.

These inflammations generally terminate in abscesses; and the purulent matter is sometimes translated to other parts. The disorder, therefore, is often found to recur, and in this case sometimes the fever returns, or is occasionally changed into a colic. Inflammation of the mesentery is, however, very seldom an idiopathic disease. It chiefly occurs when the glands are obstructed, and any cause of topical irritation combined.