OR,

Questions, Answers, and Descriptions

RELATING TO

Steam-Heating and Steam-Fitting,

FROM

THE SANITARY ENGINEER.

With One Hundred and Nine Illustrations.

Preface

The Sanitary Engineer, while devoted to Engineering, Architecture, Construction, and Sanitation, has always made a special feature of its departments of Steam and Hot-Water Heating, in which a great variety of questions have been answered and descriptions of the work in various buildings have been given. The favour with which a recent publication from this office, entitled "Plumbing and House-Drainage Problems," has been received suggested the publication of " Steam Heating Problems," which, though dealing with another branch of industry, is similar in character. It consists of a selection from the pages of The Sanitary Engineer of questions and answers, besides comments on various problems met with in the designing and construction of Steam-Heating apparatus, and descriptions of Steam-Heating work in notable buildings.

It is hoped that this book will prove useful to those who design, construct, and have the charge of Steam-Heating apparatus.

Contents

Boilers

On Blowing off and Filling Boilers.

Where a Test-Gauge should be Applied to a Boiler.

Domes on Boilers; whether they are necessary or not.

Expansion of Water in Boilers.

Cast v. Wrought Iron for Nozzles and Magazines of Hause-Hearing Boilers.

Pipe-Connections to Boilers.

Passing Boiler-Pipes through Walls; how to Prevent Breakage by Settlement.

Suffocation of Workmen in Boilers.

Heating Boilers. (A Problem.)

A Detachable Boiler-Lug.

Isolating-Valve for Steam-Main of Boilers.

On the Effect of Oil in Boilers.

Iron Rivets and Steel Boiler-Plates.

Proportions for Rivets for Boiler-Plates.

Is there any Danger in using Water Continuously in Boilers?

Accident with Connected Boilers.

A Supposed Case of Charring Wood by Steam-Pipes.

Domestic Boilers Warmed by Steam.

Value Of Heating-Surfaces

Computing the Amount of Radiator-Surface for Warming Buildings by Hot Water.

Calculating the Radiating-Surlace for Heating Buildings - The Saving of Double-Glazed Windows.

Amount of Heating-Surface Required in Hot-Water Apparatus Boilers and in Steam-Apparatus Boilers.

Ca'culating the Amount of Radiating-Surface for a Given Room.

How much Heating-Surface will a Steam-Pipe of Given Size Supply?

Coils v. Radiators and Size of Boiler to Heat a Given Building.

Calculating the Amount of Heating-Surface.

Computing the Cost of Steam for Warming.

Radiators And Heaters

A Woman's Method of Regulating a Radiator

(Covering it with a Cosey). Improper Position of Radiator-Valves. Hot-Water Radiator for Private Houses. Remedying Ai -Binding of Box-Coils. How to Use a Stove as a Hot-Water Heater. " Plane " v. " Plain " as a Term as Applied to

Outside Surface of Radiators. Relative Value of Pipe on Cast-iron Heating

Surface. Relative Value of Pipe on Steam-Coils. Warming Churches (Plan of placing a Coil in each Pew.) Warming Churches.

Pipe And Fitting

Steam-Heating Work - Good and Indifferent.

Piping Adjacent Buildings: Pumps v. Steam-Traps.

True Diameters and Weights of Standard Pipes.

Expansion of Pipes of Various Metals.

Expansion of Steam Pipes.

Advantages Claimed for Overhead Piping.

Position of Valves on Steam-Riser Connection.

Cause of Noise in Steam Pipes.

One-Pipe System of Steam-Heating.

How to Heat Several Adjacent Buildings with a Single Apparatus.

Patents on Mill's System of Steam-Heating.

Air-Binding in Return Steam Pipes.

Air-Binding in Return Steam Pipes and Methods to overcome it.

Ventilation

Size of Registers to Heat Certain Rooms. Determining the Size of Hot-Hair Flues. Window Ventilation, Removing Vapour from Dye-House. Ventilation of Cunard Steamer " Umbria." Calculating Sizes of Flues and Registers. On Methods of Removing Air from Between Ceiling and Roof of a Church.

Steam

Economy of using Exhaust Steam for Heating.

Heat of Steam for Different Conditions.

Superheating Steam by the use of Coils.

Effect of Using a Small Pipe for Exhaust Steam-Htating.

Explosion of a Steam-Table.

Cutting Nipples And Bending Pipes

Cutting Large Nipples - Large in Diameter and

Short in Length. Cutting Crooked Threads. Cutting a Close Nipple out of a Coupling after a Thread is Cut. Bending Pipe. Cutting Large Nipples. Cutting Various Sizes of Thread with a Solid

Die.

Raising Water Automatically

Contrivance for Raising Water in High Buildings.

Criticism of the Foregoing and Description of Another Device for a Similar Purpose.

Moisture On Walls, Etc

Cause and Prevention of Moisture on Walls. Effect of Moisture on Sensible Temperature.

Miscellaneous

Heating Water in Large Tanks.

Heating Water for Large Institutions and

High City Buildings. Questions Relating to Water-Tanks. Faulty Elevator-Pump Connections. On Heating Several Buildings from one Source. Coal Tar Coating for Water Pipe.

Filters for Feeding House-Boilers. Other Means of Clarifying Water.

Testing Gas Pipes for Leaks and Making Pipe-Joints.

Will Boiling Drinking-Water Purify it?

Differential Rams for Testing Fittings and Valves.

Percentage of Ashes in Coal.

Automatic Pump-Governor.

Cast-Iron S fe for Steam-Radiators.

Methods of Graduating Radiator Service According to the Weather.

Preventing Fall of Spray from Steam-Exhaust Pipes.

Exhaust-Condenser for Preventing Fall of Spray from Steam-Exhaust Pipes.

Steam-Heating Apparatus and Plenum (Venti-lation), System in Kalamazoo Insane Asylum.

Heating and Ventilation of a Prison.

Amount of Heat Due to Condensation of Water.

Expansion-Joints.

Re-setting of House-Heating Boilers - a Pos-sible Saving of Fuel.

How to Find the Water-Line of Boilers and Position of Try-Cocks.

Low-Pressure Hot-Water System for Heating Buildings in England (Comments by The Sanitary Engineer).

Steam-Heating Apparatus in Manhattan Company's and Merchants' Bank Building. New York,

Boilers in Manhattan Company's and Merchants' Bank Building, with Extracts from Specifications.

Steam-Heating Apparatus in Mutual Life Insurance Building on Broadway.

The Setting of Boilers in Tribune Building, New York.

Warming and Ventilation of West Presbyterian Church, New York City.

Principles of Heating-Apparatus, Fine Arts Exhibition Building, Copenhagen.

Warming and Ventilation of Opera House at Ogdensburg, N. Y.

Systems of Heating Houses in Germany and Austria.

Steam Pipes under New York Streets - Difference Between Two Systems Adopted.

Some Details of Steam and Ventilating Apparatus used on the Continent of Europe.

Miscellaneous Questions

Applying Traps to Gravity Steam-Apparatus.

Expansion of Brass and Iron Pipe.

Connecting Steam and Return Risers at their Tops.

Power Used in RunningHydraulic Elevators

On Melting Snow in the Streets by Steam.

Action of Ashes Street Fillings on Iron Pipes.

Arrangement of Steam-Coils for Heating Oil-Stills.

Converting a Steam-Apparatus into a Hot-Water Apparatus and Back Again.

Condensation Per Foot of Steam-Main when laid Under Ground.

Oil in Boilers from Exhaust Steam, and Methods of Prevention.

Address, Book Department,

THE ENGINEERING AND BUILDING RECORD.

92 and 93, Fleet Street, London.

THE FIFTEENTH VOLUME

OF .

The Engineering and Building Record

AND

THE SANITARY ENGINEER.

(December 4th, 1886 - May 28th, 1887.)

Aside from the weekly record of events of special interest to Engineers, Architects, Municipal Officers, Mechanics, and Contractors, the following of the numerous special articles are mentioned as of permanent interest to Municipal Engineers and Water-Works Superintendents.