Earthen Drain

Earthen pipe to be without hubs or bells; pipe lengths to be perfectly straight, truly cylindrical, hard-burnt, and not less than three-fourths inch thick. Pipe to be laid with a fall of not less than------inch to the foot. Joints to be made with loose rings or collars, set in mortar. Mortar to consist of one part hydraulic cement and two parts clean, sharp sand. Sand and cement to be mixed dry. and to be wetted up only in small quantities as used. No tempered-up cement to be † If brass pipes are preferred for the hot-water pipes, the specification can be modified to call for brass instead of lead used. Pipe to be laid in a trench, carefully excavated, with bottom trimmed to a perfect grade, and having depressions for joints of pipes, so that each length of pipe shall be evenly supported throughout the entire drain. The interior of each length to be made perfectly clean before the next length is laid down. Drain to be laid with perfect alignment, and deviations from straight run to be made with special curves. Back-filling to be first hand-packed with care, and then well rammed to prevent the slightest settling of the drain. Connections with flush-tank to be as shown on plan, and with street-sewer as required by corporation.

Before refilling trench, earthen sewer to be tested by at least two feet head of water at its upper end.

If earthen pipe with sockets is used, joints to be made by filling the space between spigot end and bell with hydraulic mortar, which should be applied with particular care at the bottom of the joint. The inside of each pipe-joint to be thoroughly cleaned from any projecting cement. Rubber gaskets to be used on spigot end, and the workmen to wear rubber mittens in putting in the cement.

If the bottom of the trench is not firm a bed of gravel or sand or a concrete foundation must be provided.

Flush- Tank And Subsurface-Irrigation System

Flush-tanks and subsurface-irrigation system to be arranged as described in the Sanitary Engineer, pp. 530 and 554, Vol. VII. Connection between drain and flush-tank to be arranged as shown. When the drain connects with the street-sewer the trap should be on the iron pipe just inside the cellar-wall, and the fresh-air inlet should open at a point. [Here indicate location.]

Iron Pipes

All iron pipes to be sound, free from holes, flaws, or other defects, of a uniform thickness of at least one-fourth of an inch, and to be thoroughly coated inside and outside with coal-tar pitch, applied hot, or its equivalent. The weight of pipe to be as follows: