How high can water be raised by atmospheric pressure?

Theoretically, a little more than thirty-three feet, but practically, the friction of the pipes, bends, etc., tends to reduce this height, so that it is not usually safe to count on more than twenty-eight feet, and sometimes not more than twenty-five feet. .

Describe the method of supplying a cistern hot water boiler.

This style of boiler receives its supply from a tank situated above the boiler, usually in the attic.

Describe the method of supplying a pressure hot water boiler.

This boiler is supplied directly from the city water main. Being usually under a very heavy pressure, it must be made extra strong.

Which hot water boiler is more susceptible to syphonage, and why?

The pressure boiler is more likely to syphon, and for the following reason: The boiler is always at a point higher than the street main.

What is a vacuum valve?

A valve placed upon the supply pipe to the boiler, which is made tight from internal pressure, but upon the pressure being withdrawn, as would be the case if the boiler was being syphoned, the atmospheric pressure from without would open the valve, and by admitting air break the syphon.

Where there is no vacuum valve, what should be done?

A small hole should be drilled through the cold water pipe within the boiler, near the top.

What is an expansion pipe and its use?

In plumbing, it is a pipe taken from the highest point on the circulation and led above the source of supply, with its end over the tank, or above the roof. Its object is to relieve the boiler from any undue pressure that may arise.

Tank Supply System For Residence, With Circulation And Keyboard.

Why does a boiler collapse?

By letting cold water suddenly into a hot boiler, a sudden contraction of the water takes place, leaving a partial vacuum, and with the resistance within removed, the, pressure of the atmosphere from without crushes in the sides.

What is the advantage of a circulating system on the hot water?

By a continuous circulation the water in passing the fixtures is hot. Otherwise the cold water would have to be drawn out of the pipes whenever a faucet was opened, before hot water could be secured.

At what intervals should half-inch pipes be clipped up where there is no other support?

Once in eighteen to twenty-four inches.

Name different ways of securing a water supply in the country.

By gravitation, syphonage, hydraulic ram, windmill, steam pump, and house pump.

For what reason is compression work preferable to self-closing or Fuller work?

By the slow closing of compression work there is less danger of water hammer than in the quick closing of self-closing and Fuller work.