If street pressure is not sufficient to force water to the top of the house, how can the result be accomplished?

By means of the water lift or pumping engine.

In running circulation, how should the pipes be arranged?

Hot water pipes should be above and cold water pipes below.

Where should the return pipe be connected on a street pressure circulating system?

At the bottom of the boiler.

How should lead pipes be supported?

By strips of board where possible, to prevent sagging.

What should be the relative difference in temperature to insure good circulation?

Although the slightest difference in temperature creates a circulation, to be really practical, there should be a difference of seven degrees.

How should hot water pipes be distributed?

In piping the kitchen boiler it is a good plan to run the pipes to the kitchen sink first, making the other fixtures secondary, the kitchen sink being the most important fixture in the house. The laundry tubs take second place in line of importance, and where it can be done, it is well to run independent lines to these two points as direct as possible.

Where and how should water pipes be run within the house?

If possible, all pipes should be centrally located, and near a chimney that is in use, on account of the warmth thus obtained. Where it is found necessary to run pipes on the outer wall, a board should always be placed between the pipe and the wall to prevent pipes from being frosted as well as to have a place to fasten the pipes.

What is the object of a sediment cock on the boiler, and where is it placed?

It is used in emptying the boiler for repairs, or in drawing off the sediment that has collected in the bottom of the boiler. It is connected into the cold water pipe between the boiler and the range. Very often the end of the sediment cock is connected by a waste pipe into the drainage system.

What is the object of the double boiler?

To furnish hot water at a greater height than it can be carried by the city pressure, as well as to furnish it to the lower floors.

What means are employed to protect pipes from frost?

Where pipes are outside of the house in an exposed place, they may be kept from freezing through the winter, even though they are above ground, by first building a box the length of the pipe exposed, and filling it with horse manure, then laying the pipe through it. The heat of the manure will last through the season. Short pieces of lead pipe can be protected to quite an extent by imbedding them in rosin. Sawdust is also very good if it can be kept dry. In running pipes through the ground they should be covered first with sand. This is a much better protection than clay or gravel. In running long lines of pipe in the country, one of the best protections possible is to lay it at the bottom of a running stream. In running through grass land, it is safe to place the pipe a foot nearer the surface than in the street.