What is the distinction between soil and waste pipes?

Properly speaking, soil pipe is pipe into which the water closet discharges, and waste pipe that into which the waste from other fixtures is carried.

Give weights of cast iron pipe.

2 in. Standard C. I. Pipe weighs per ft.,

3 1/2 lbs.

3 " " " " "

4 1/2 lbs.

4 " " " " "

6 1/2 lbs.

5 " " " " "

8 lbs.

6 " " " " "

10 lbs.

2 in. Ex. Heavy " " " " "

5 1/2 lbs.,

" " " " " " " 3

9 1/2 lbs.

" " " " " 4

13 lbs.

5 " " " " "

17 lbs.

6 " " " " "

20 lbs.

What sizes of waste pipe are required for the several fixtures?

Water closet, 4 inches; bath tub, 1 1/2 inches; kitchen sink, 1 1/2 or 2 inches; refrigerator, 1 1/4 inches; wash trays, 1 1/2 inches; lavatory, 1 1/4 inches; slop sink, 2 inches; urinal, 1 1/2 inches; pantry sink, 1 1/2 inches.

Of what material should waste pipes be?

Of lead, if of short length, and of cast iron where the run is of more than six feet.

What is the smallest size of waste pipe usually allowed?

One and one-fourth inch is the smallest.

What is the least fall that should be allowed in running waste and soil pipes?

One-fourth inch to the foot.

What should be the size of the outlet from a trap into which two 1 1/4-inch pipes enter?

Not less than 1 1/2 inches.

Why should fixtures such as sinks, bath tubs, lavatories, etc., have independent entrance into the stack, rather than into the lead bend of a water closet?

To avoid the setting back of the sewage in the other wastes if the water closet should become choked, and to avoid any roughness on the inner side of the lead bend that a joint would make, which might result in collecting lint, etc., and causing stoppage.

What causes the gurgling sound frequently heard in the waste pipes?

A gurgling in waste pipes usually is the result of air lock or lack of ventilation.

Where should drip pipes from safes be run?

They should be run into some open place where they can be seen, but in no case should they enter soil or waste pipes.

What is a safe and what is its use?

A safe is a shallow pan, usually of lead, placed under a fixture, with a drip pipe attached, for the purpose of carrying off leakage from waste and supply pipes, valves, etc., thus preventing injury to the floor and ceiling below.