Metals
Description
This section is from the book "Handcraft In Wood And Metal", by John Hooper, Alfred J. Shirley. Also available from Amazon: Handcraft In Wood And Metal.
Metals
The word "metal"is derived from the Greek word "metallon" which means a pit or a mine, whence we get"metal". Technically it is a term applied to a number of elementary substances which possess, generally, certain well-defined characteristics, such as lustre, malleability, ductility, and fusibility.
The broad definition of a"metal"is as follows: A solid opaque body, possessing a peculiar lustre, fusibility, and conductivity.
Those which are most frequently employed in commerce and the arts are as follows:-
Common Name. | Latin Name. | Symbol, |
Al. | ||
Stibium. | Sb. | |
Bismuth. | Bi. | |
Cadmium. | Cd. | |
Chromium. | Cr. | |
Cobalt. | Co. | |
Copper. | Cuprum. | Cu. |
Gold. | Aurum. | Au. |
Iridium. | Ir. | |
Iron. | Ferrum. | Fe. |
Lead. | Plumbum. | Pb. |
Magnesium. | Mg. | |
Manganese. | Mn. | |
Mercury. | Hydrargyrum. | Hg. |
Ni. | ||
Osmium. | Os. | |
Palladium. | Pd. | |
Platinum. | Pt. | |
Silver. | Argentum. | Ag. |
Tantalum. | Ta. | |
Tin. | Stannum. | Sn. |
Wolframium. | W. | |
Zinc | Zn. |
1 In the workshop the name"metal" is applied to both the pure metals and the alloys, and it is so used in these pages.
Properties Of Metals. Relative Positions In Descending Order
Density or Specific Gravity. | Fusibility. | Tenacity. | Conductivity for Electricity. | Conductivity for Heat. | Malleability. | Albedo or Lustre. | Ductility. | Hardness. | Shrinkage. | |
Osmium | 22.4 | Tungsten | Platinum | Silver | Silver | Gold | Silver | Iron | Iridium | See pages 127, 128 |
Iridium | 22.1 | Tantalum | Nickel steel | Copper | Copper | Silver | Tin | Copper | Cast iron | |
Platinum | 21.2 | Osmium | Phosphor bronze | Gold | Aluminium | Aluminium | Nickel | Platinum | Osmium | |
Gold | 19.4 | Iridium | Delta metal | Brass | Gold | Platinum | Steel | Silver | Wrought iron | |
Tungsten | 18.5 | Chromium | Aluminium bronze | Aluminium | Brass | Copper | Antimony | Gold | Zinc | |
Tantalum | 16.5 | Manganese | Manganese ,, | Zinc | Tin | Bismuth | Palladium | Phosphor bronze | ||
Mercury | 13.6 | Platinum | Nickel | Zinc | Tin | Lead | Iron | Nickel | Copper | |
Palladium | 11.3 | Cobalt | Cast steel | Tin, pure | Wrought iron | Zinc | Zinc | Zinc | Silver | |
Lead | 11.3 | Iron | Mild steel | Palladium | Lead | Iron | Lead | Tin | Gunmetal | |
Silver | 10.5 | Palladium | Copper | Platinum | Platinum | Nickel | Brass | Aluminium | Brass | |
Bismuth | 9.8 | Nickel | Muntz metal | Iron | Antimony | Antimony | Copper | Lead | Cold | |
Nickel | 8.9 | Cast steel | Iron forged | Nickel | Bismuth | Lead | ||||
Copper | 8.8 | Cast iron | Brass | Lead | Mercury | Tin | ||||
Cadmium | 8.6 | Copper | Gunmetal | Aluminium bronze | ||||||
Cobalt | 8.6 | Gold | Cold | German silver | ||||||
Bronze | 8.6 | Brass | Silver | Antimony | ||||||
Brass | 8.5 | Silver | Aluminium forged | Manganese Steel | ||||||
German silver | 8.5 | Magnesium | Copper cast | Mercury | ||||||
Manganese | 8.1 | Aluminium | Iron ,, | Bismuth | ||||||
Wrought iron | 7.8 | Antimony | Aluminium cast | |||||||
Cast steel | 7.6 | Zinc | Zinc cast | |||||||
Cast iron | 7.4 | Lead | Tin | |||||||
Tin | 7.3 | Cadmium | Lead | |||||||
Zinc | 7.2 | Bismuth | Bismuth | |||||||
Antimony | 6.8 | Tin | Antimony | |||||||
Chromium | 67 | |||||||||
Aluminium | 2.6 | By courtesy of the " Metal Industry". | ||||||||
Magnesium | 1.75 | |||||||||
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