I. By Day

Draw a pretty large semi-circle on each side of a well- planed and smooth oblongular plank. Place its edge along a straight line drawn east to west on a smooth level ground, the plank being inclined at an angle with the plane of the horizon, equal to the complement of the Latitude of the place, so that a straight needle fixed at the centre of the semi-circle and at right angles to the plane of the plank will point to the Pole and the plane of the plank will be parallel to the plane of the Equator. The edge of an oblongular piece of wood placed at the centre will serve as well as a needle. Now divide the semi-circle into 12 equal parts, marking the points of division with the figures from 6 down to 12 and from 12 up to 6. The divisions represent the hours. If the diameter be about a cubit in length each division may further be divided into 30 or 60 equal parts, so that the position of the shadow of the needle will give the time within a minute. Now apply the equation of time and the result will be the local clock time or the mean solar time required. This can be converted into Ghatikas and Vighatikas from Sun Rise from the table showing the time of Sun Rise for each day.

Notes

(1) The latitude of the place may be found from a pretty good Atlas or it may be ascertaind by noting the altitude of the Pole-star both at the time of its culmination and the time of its depression and taking the mean.

(2) The complement of the angle of latitude may be marked on a piece of solid wood and the portion may be cut out in the shape of a fine wedge and made to support the plank of the inclined dial.

(3) The east and west line may be marked pretty correctly with the help of a mariner's compass or it may be found by marking the two points of contact of the end of the shadow of a straight rod fixed vertically at the centre of a circle drawn on a smooth, horizontal surface, with the circumference of the circle both before and after mid - day ------the line joining the two points being due east and west.

(4) A level, horizontal ground may be prepared with the help of a spirit - level.

II. At Night

Attach equal weights to the ends of a long fine string and throw the string over two fine metallic wires each about a foot in length fixed rigidly between supports and at the height of about 5 or 6 feet from the ground, running east to west, and about 5 or 6 feet apart from each other. Now the two plumblines are certainly vertical, and the plane passing through them will be a vertical plane. This plane may be made to pass through the Pole star about the time of its culmination or depression by slightly moving the string over one of the wires to the east or west till the two plum - lines hide the Pole-star to an observer stationed 2 or 3 feet to the South of the southern plumbline and looking with one eye, the other eye being closed. We have thus secured the plane of the meridian. Now attach the ends of a slightly tight string to the two plumblines about their middle points. The observer may now lie down below, with his face turned up, the head supported by a pillow and one eye placed exactly under the two strings running north and south so that the upper string is wholly concealed by the lower and observe the transit of stars across the strings. The Almanac gives the time of culmination of the Vernal Equinox for each day of the year and also the times at which particular stars culminate after the culmination of the Vernal Equinox. If the two times be added, we get the time of culmination of a particular star from 12 noon that day. But if the sum exceed 24 hours then subtract from it 23 hours and 56 minutes, the remainder will be the time of culmination of the Star from 12 noon that day.

Table A: Showing The Time Of Oblique Ascension Of Each Sign Of The Zodiac For Places Situated In Latitudes From 0 To 52 Degrees, In Ghatikas And Yighatikas. N.B. - A Ghatika = 24 Minutes And A Yighatika = 24 Seconds

Lat.

Aries.

Taurus.

Gemini.

Cancel - .

Leo.

Virgo.

Libra.

Scorpio.

Sagittari

Capricorn.

Aquarius.

Pisces.

Lat.

G.

v.

G.

v.

G.

v.

G.

V.

G.

v.

c.

v.

G.

v.

G.

v.

G.

v.

G.

v.

G.

v.

G.

V.

0

4

53

5

17

5

25

5

5

4

43

4

37

4

53

5

17

5

25

5

5

4

43

4

37

0

1

4

51

5

16

5

25

5

7

4

45

4

39

4

55

5

18

5

25

5

3

4

41

4

35

1

2

49

15

26

8

47

41

4

57

19

24

5

2

39

33

2

3

48

14

26

9

49

43

4

58

20

24

5

1

37

31

3

4

46

13

26

11

51

45

5

0

21

24

4

59

35

29

4

5

44

12

26

13

53

47

5

2

22

24

5

57

33

27

5

6

42

11

27

14

55

49

4

23

23

56

31

25

6

7

40

10

27

15

4

57

51

6

24

23

55

29

23

7

8

3S

9

27

17

4

59

53

8

25

23

53

27

21

8

9

37

8

28

18

5

1

4

55

9

26

22

52

15

19

9

10

35

7

28

20

5

3

4

57

11

27

22

50

23

17

10

11

33

6

29

21

5

5

0

13

28

21

49

21

14

11

12

31

5

29

23

7

5

2

15

29

21

47

19

12

12

13

29

4

29

24

9

4

17

30

21

46

17

10

13

14

27

3

30

25

11

6

19

31

20

45

15

8

14

15

25

2

30

27

13

8

21

32

20

43

13

6

15

16

24

5

1

31

29

16

10

22

33

19

41

10

4

4

16

17

22

5

0

31

30

18

13

24

34

19

40

8

4

1

17

18

20

4

59

32

32

20

15

26

35

15

?8

6

3

59

18

19

18

4

57

83

34

22

17

28

37

18

36

4

4

3

57

19

1

20

10

50

83

35

24

20

3O

88

17

35

4

2

3

54

20

21

14

55

88

37

27

22

32

39

17

33

3

59

3

52

21

22

12

51

33

39

29

25

34

40

17

31

3

57

49

22

23

9

68

34

40

31

27

37

41

16

30

55

47

23

24

7

52

84

12

31

29

39

42

16

28

52

45

24

25

5

51

84

44

36

32

41

43

16

26

50

42

25

26

4

3

50

35

46

39

84

43

44

15

21

17

40

26

27

4

l

48

86

48

41

37

45

46

15

22

45

37

27

28

3

59

47

36

50

43

40

47

47

14

20

43

34

28

88

8

56

46

36

52

46

42

50

48

1 1

18

40

32

29

80

54

14

37

53

49

45

52

50

13

17

37

29

80

31

51

43

37

5

56

51

48

5

55

51

13

14

35

20

31

32

49

41

38

5

58

5

54

50

5

57

53

12

12

32

24

32

33

46

40

38

6

0

5

57

5

53

6

0

54

12

10

29

21

33

84

43

38

39

6

2

6

0

5

56

6

3

56

11

8

20

18

34

86

41

37

39

5

6

3

6

0

5

5

57

11

5

23

14

35

3(5

38

35

40

7

6

6

3

8

5

59

10

4

3

20

11

3(5

37

35

34

40

10

9

6

11

0

0

10

4

0

17

8

37

3N

32

32

41

12

12

9

14

6

2

9

3

58

14

::

5

38

39

29

80

41

15

15

13

17

4

9

3

55

11

3

1

39

40

26

28

42

18

18

16

20

6

8

52

8

2

58

40

41

23

26

43

21

22

£0

23

8

7

49

3

4

2

54

41

42

19

24

44

23

25

24

27

10

6

47

3

1

50

42

43

15

22

45.

20

29

27

31

12

5

44

2

57

47

43

41

11

20

40

29

33

31

35

14

4

41

2

53

43

44

86

7

18

46

33

37

35

39

16

4

37

49

39

45

4G

8

4

15

47

30

42

40

42

19

3

34

44

34

46

47

8

0

12

48

40

40

44

46

22

5

2

30

40

30

47

48

2

55

9

50

43

0

51

48

6

51

25

5

0

27

35

26

48

49

2

51

6

51

47

0

52

6

53

6

55

28

4

59

23

30

21

49

50

2

40

4

3

52

6

52

7

1

6

68

7

0

31

4

58

18

25

16

50

51

2

40

4

0

6

53

0

57

7

0

7

3

7

6

0

34

4

57

3

13

2

20

2

11

51

52

2

35

3

50

5

54

7

2

7

11

7

8

7

11

6

38

4

50

3

8

2

15

2

6

52

Table B: Showing The Time Of Oblique Ascension From Any One Sign To Any Other Sign Of The Zodiac For Places Whose Latitude Is 11&Deg;. Similar Tables Can Be Prepared For Other Latitudes

From.

To

Aries.

Taurus.

Gemini.

Cancer.

Leo.

Virgo.

Libra.

Scorpio.

Sagittari

Capricorn.

Aquarius.

Pisces.

G.

T.

G.

V.

G.

v.

G

T.

G.

v.

G.

v.

G.

v.

G.

v.

G.

v.

G

v.

G.

v.

G.

v.

Aries

...

4

33

9

39

15

8

20

29

25

34

30

34

35

47

41

15

46

36

51

25

55

46

60

0

Taurus

...

60

0

5

6

10

35

15

56

21

1

26

1

21

14

36

42

42

3

46

52

51

13

55

27

Gemini

...

54

54

60

0

5

29

10

£0

15

55

20

55

26

8

31

36

36

57

41

46

46

7

50

21

Cancer

...

49

25

54

31

60

0

5

21

10

26

15

26

29

39

26

7

31

28

36

17

40

38

44

52

Leo

...

44

4

49

10

54

39

60

0

5

5

10

5

15

18

20

46

26

7

30

56

35

17

39

31

Virgo

...

£8

59

44

5

49

34

54

55

60

0

5

0

10

13

15

41

21

2

25

51

30

12

34

36

Libra

...

33

69

39

5

44

34

49

55

55

0

60

0

5

13

10

41

16

2

20

51

25

12

29

26

Scorpio

...

£8

46

33

52

39

21

44

42

49

47

54

47

60

0

5

28

10

49

15

38

19

59

24

13

Sagittari

...

23

18

28

24

33

53

39

14

44

19

49

19

54

32

60

0

5

21

10

10

14

31

18

45

Capricorn

...

17

57

23

3

28

32

33

53

38

58

43

£8

49

11

54

39

60

0

4

49

9

10

13

21

Aquarius

...

13

8

18

14

23

43

29

4

34

9

39

9

44

22

49

50

55

11

60

0

4

21

8

35

Pisces

...

8

47

13

53

19

22

24

43

29

48

34

48

40

1

45

29

50

50

55

39

60

0

4

14

Table C: Shewing The Antardasa Periods Of The Various Nakshatra Dasas

ANTARDA8A8.

Antardasas.

Antardasas.

Sun 6 years.

Yrs.

Ms.

Ds.

Moon 10 years.

Yrs.

Ms.

Ds.

Mars 7 years.

Yrs.

Mb.

Ds.

Sun

...

...

0

3

18

Moon

...

0

10

0

Mars

...

...

0

4

27

Moon

...

...

0

6

0

Mars

...

...

0

7

0

Rahu

...

...

1

0

18

Mars

...

...

0

4

6

Rahu

...

...

1

6

0

Jupiter

...

...

0

11

6

Rahu

...

...

0

10

24

Jupiter

...

...

1

4

0

Saturn

...

...

1

1

9

Jupiter

...

...

0

9

18

Saturn

...

...

1

7

0

Mercury

...

...

0

11

27

Saturn

...

...

0

11

12

Mercury

...

...

1

5

0

Ketu

...

...

1

4

27

Mercury

...

• ••

0

10

6

Ketu

...

...

0

7

0

Venus

...

...

0

2

0

Ketu

...

...

0

4

6

Venus

...

...

1

8

0

Sun

...

...

0

4

6

Venus

...

...

1

0

0

Sun

...

...

0

6

0

Moon

...

...

0

7

0

Rahu 18 years.

Rahu

...

...

2

8

12

Jupiter 16 years.

Jupiter

...

...

2

1

18

Saturn 19 years.

Saturn

...

...

8

8

3

Jupiter

...

... ..

2

4

24

Saturn

...

...

2

6

12

Mercury

...

...

2

1

9

Saturn

...

• ••

2

10

6

Mercury

...

...

2

3

6

Ketu

...

...

1

2

9

Mercury

...

• ••

2

6

18

Ketu

...

...

0

11

6

Venus

...

...

3

1

0

Ketu

...

...

1

0

18

Venus

...

...

2

8

0

Sun

...

...

0

11

12

Venus

8

0

0

Sun

...

...

0

9

18

Moon

...

...

1

1

0

Sun

...

• ••

0

10

24

Moon

...

...

1

4

0

Mara

...

...

1

0

9

Moon

...

...

1

6

0

Mars

...

...

0

11

0

Rahu

...

...

2

10

6

Mars

...

...

1

0

18

Rahu

...

...

2

4

24

Jupiter

...

...

2

6

12

Mercury 17 years.

Mercury

...

...

2

4

27

Ketu 7 years.

Ketu

...

...

0

4

27

Venus 20 years.

Venus

...

...

8

4

0

Ketu

...

...

0

11

27

Venus

...

...

1

2

0

Sun

...

...

1

0

0

Venus

...

...

2

10

0

Sun

...

...

0

4

6

Moon

...

...

1

8

0

Sun

...

...

0

10

6

Moon

...

...

0

7

0

Mars

...

...

1

2

0

Moon

...

...

1

5

0

Mars

...

...

0

4

27

Rahu

...

...

3

0

0

Mars

...

...

0

11

27

Rahu

...

...

1

0

18

Jupiter

...

...

2

8

0

Rahu

...

...

2

6

18

Jupiter

...

...

0

11

6

Saturn

...

...

3

2

0

Jupiter

...

...

2

3

6

Saturn

...

...

1

1

9

Mercury

...

...

2

10

0

Saturn

...

...

2

8

9

Mercury

...

...

0

11

27

Ketu

...

...

1

2

0

Table D: Shewing The Equation Of Time, For India

DATE.

JANUARY.

FEB.

MARCH.

APRIL.

MAY.

JUNE.

JULY.

AUGUST.

SEPT.

OCTOBER.

NOV.

DEC.

EQUATION OF TIME.

m.

s.

m.

S.

m.

B.

m.

s.

m.

s.

m.

s

m.

s.

m.

s.

m.

s.

m.

S.

m.

s.

m.

s.

1

+ 3

32

+ 13

47

+ 12

3©

+ 3

52

- 3

3

- 2

25

+ 3

35

+ 6

3

- 0

13

-10

26

-16

19

-10

40

2

4

1

13

55

12

18

3

34

3

10

2

16

3

46

5

59

0

32

10

45

16

20

10

17

8

4

29

14

2

12

5

3

16

3

17

2

6

3

57

5

54

0

52

11

4

16

20

9

53

4

4

57

14

8

11

52

2

58

3

23

1

56

4

8

5

49

1

11

11

22

16

19

9

29

5

5

24

14

13

11

£8

2

40

3

28

1

46

4

18

5

43

1

31

11

40

16

17

9

4

6

5

51

14

18

11

23

2

23

3

33

1

35

4

28

5

37

1

51

11

58

16

14

8

38

7

6

17

14

22

11

9

2

5

3

38

1

24

4

38

5

30

2

12

12

15

16

11

8

12

8

6

43

14

25

10

54

1

48

3

41

1

13

4

47

5

22

2

32

12

32

16

7

7

46

9

7

8

14

27

10

38

1

32

3

45

1

1

4

56

5

13

2

53

12

48

16

2

7

19

10

7

33

14

28

10

23

1

15

3

47

0

50

5

5

5

4

3

13

13

4

15

55

6

51

11

7

57

14

29

10

7

0

59

3

49

0

38

5

13

4

55

3

34

13

19

15

48

6

24

12

8

21

14

29

9

50

0

43

3

51

0

26

5

20

4

46

3

55

13

34

15

41

5

60

13

8

44

14

28

9

34

0

27

3

52

0

13

5

27

4

35

4

16

13

48

15

32

5

27

14

9

6

14

27

9

17

+ 0

12

3

52

- 0

1

5

34

4

24

4

37

14

2

15

23

4

58

15

9

28

14

24

9

0

- 0

3

3

52

+ 0

12

5

40

4

13

4

58

14

15

15

13

4

29

16

9

49

14

21

8

42

0

18

3

51

0

25

5

46

4

1

5

19

14

27

15

1

3

59

17

10

10

14

17

8

25

0

32

3

50

0

38

5

52

3

48

5

40

14

39

14

49

3

30

18

10

30

14

13

8

7

0

46

3

48

0

51

5

57

3

35

6

2

14

50

14

37

3

0

19

10

49

14

8

7

49

0

59

3

45

1

4

6

1

3

22

6

23

15

1

14

23

2

30

20

11

7

14

2

7

31

1

12

3

42

1

17

6

5

3

8

6

44

15

11

14

8

2

0

21

11

25

13

56

7

13

1

24

3

38

1

30

6

8

2

53

7

5

15

21

13

53

1

30

22

11

42

13

49

6

55

1

36

3

34

1

43

6

10

2

38

7

26

15

30

13

37

1

0

2.3

11

58

13

41

6

37

1

48

3

29

1

56

6

12

2

23

7

46

15

38

13

20

- 0

30

24

12

13

13

32

0

18

1

69

3

24

2

9

6

14

2

7

8

7

15

45

13

3

0

0

25

12

27

33

23

0

0

2

10

3

18

2

22

6

15

1

51

8

27

15

52

12

44

+ 0

30

20

12

41

18

14

5

41

2

20

3

12

2

34

6

15

1

34

8

18

15

58

12

25

1

0

27

12

54

13

4

6

23

2

29

3

5

2

47

6

14

1

17

9

8

16

3

12

6

1

29

28

13

6

12

53

6

5

2

39

2

58

3

0

6

13

1

0

9

28

16

8

11

45

1

59

29

13

17

12

42

4

46

2

47

2

50

3

11

6

12

0

42

9

47

16

12

11

24

2

28

30

13

28

4

28

2

56

2

42

3

23

6

10

0

24

10

7

Hi

15

11

2

2

57

31

13

38

4

10

2

34

6

7

0

6

16

18

3

20

3

34

Table E: Showing Mitra (Friend), Satru (Enemy), And Sama (Neutral) Of Planets

Planets.

Mitra Friend.

Satru (Enemy).

Sama (Neutral).

Sun

Moon, Mars Jupiter

Saturn, Venus.

Mercury.

Moon

Sun, Mercury

...

None.

Mars, Jupiter, Venus.

Mars

Sun Moon, Jupiter

...

Mercury.

SaturnVenus, Saturn.

Mercury

Sun Venus

...

Moon.

Mars Jupiter, Saturn.

Jupiter

Sun, Moon, Mars

...

Mercury Venus.

Saturn.

Venus

Mercury Saturn

...

Sun Moon.

Mars Jupiter.

Saturn

Mercury Venus

...

Sun Moon, Mars.

Jupiter.

Table F: Showing The Times At Which The Several Stars Culminate After The Culmination Of The Vernal Equinox

Stars.

Times.

h.

m.

Aswini

...

...

1

49

Bharani

...

...

2

44

Krittika

...

...

3

42

Rohini

...

...

4

31

Agni

...

...

5

20

Mrigasirsha

...

...

5

27

Ardra

...

...

5

60

Prajapati

...

...

5

49

Agastya

...

...

6

22

Mrigavyasa

...

...

6

41

Punarvasu

...

...

7

40

Pushya

• • •

...

8

36

Aslesba

• ••

• *

8

42

Magha

• ••

. . .

10

3

Pulaha

• ••

...

10

56

Kratu

• ••

...

10

58

P. Phalguni

...

...

11

9

U. Phalguni

...

...

11

44

Pulastya

...

...

11

49

Atri

...

...

12

7

Hasta

...

...

12

29

Angiras

• ••

...

12

50

Stars.

Times.

h.

m.

Apar

...

...

12

51

Apamvat

...

...

13

5

Chitra

...

...

13

20

Vasishtta

...

...

13

20

Marichi

...

...

13

44

Swati

...

...

14

11

Visakha

...

...

14

46

Anuradha

...

...

16

0

Jyeshta

...

...

16

24

Moola

...

...

17

36

P. Ashadha

...

...

18

15

Abhijit

...

...

18

34

U. Ashadha

...

...

18

40

Sravana

...

...

19

46

Sravishta

...

...

20

35

Sataya

...

...

22

48

P. Bhadradada

...

23

0

U. Bhadrapada

...

0

4

Revati

...

...

1

7

Dhruva (Pole Star)

...

1

25

*******

Table G: Showing The Time Of Culmination Of The Sun And The Vernal Equinox

Month.

Date.

Sun's culmination.

Culmination of V. equinox.

h.

m.

h.

m.

January

2

12

4

5

18

10

7

4

46

18

10

4

15

26

12

3

43

February

3

14

3

12

11

14

2

40

9

14

2

9

27

13

1

37

March

6

11

1

6

14

9

0

34

22

7

0

3

30

5

23

31

April

7

2

23

,,

13

1

22

37

21

11

59

22

5

29

57

21

34

May

7

56

21

2

15

56

20

31

23

57

19

59

31

57

19

28

Jane

8

59

18

56

16

12

0

18

25

24

12

2

17

53

Month

Date.

Sun's culmination.

Culmination of V. equinox.

h.

m.

h.

m.

July

2

12

4

17

21

10

5

16

50

18

6

16

18

26

6

15

47

August

3

6

15

15

11

5

14

44

19

4

14

12

27

2

13

41

September

4

11

59

13

9

12

56

12

38

20

54

12

6

28

51

11

35

October

6

48

11

3

14

46

10

31

22

45

10

,,

30

44

9

28

November

7

44

8

57

15

45

8

25

23

46

7

54

December

1

49

7

22

9

52

6

51

17

56

6

19

25

12

0

5

48

Note. - As the Vernal Equinox is subject to a retrograde motion of over 50 seconds a year, tables F. and G. will have to be proposed from the Almanac for the year.