Horoscopy differs from horary astrology in another important point: while the former enables one to predict even the distant events of life, the latter refers only to events of the immediate future, and while the one deals with events of considerable importance, the other deals mainly with events comparatively insignificant, such, for instance, as the sort of meal which one would take in the course of a day, the direction of his seat and the like. In such cases the astrologer generally writes out his answers in a bit of paper and folds it up asking the questioner to look into it after the event, for, the course of such minor events of life can be easily altered by a previous knowledge. These events of life are the immediate effects of a set of circumstances in which a person has just placed himself, the natural immediate effects of which form matters for the consideration of horary astrology, and do not come within the scope of horoscopy. After a person has begun to apply his axe to a tree, it may not be difficult to predict the direction of its fall, but not before. It would therefore be wrong to conclude from these minor predictions of horary 3 astrology that the minutest events of one's life are preordained and that man has no control over them.

It only remains to say a few words about certain books known as Nadigranthams. These purport to contain a brief account of the lives of all mankind. It would appear on a superficial consideration of the subject that such books cannot at all exist. That they exist is a fact and the question therefore is how came they to exist - how were they prepared?

The planets occupy particular places on the ecliptic at particular points of time. Every moment their positions are changing. The question then is in what period of time the planets return to their former positions. This is a question of Arithmetic, a question of the Least Common Multiple of 7 or 8 numbers. These numbers are the siderial periods of Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn and of the Moon, viz.,

Now the L. C. M. of the above numbers is the Kalpa of the Hindu Astronomy which is 4,320,000,000 siderial years. After which the planets all return to the first point of Aries at the horizon of Lanka - a place on the equator whose longitude is 76 E. from Greenwich. A Kalpa consists of 1000 Chaturyugas. A Chaturyuga consists of 4320000 siderial years, of which Kaliyuga consists of 432000 side-rial years.

A Kalpa forms Brahma's day, at the end of which the Mahapralaya commences. Again, the number of Rasi Chakrams or the Zodiacal representations of the positions of the planets is also limited. How? Suppose there was only one planet, say, the Sun. He might occupy any one of the 12 houses; so might Mars and each of the other planets. The 12 places of the Sun combined with the 12 places of Mars will give us 122 or 144 different places for the Sun and Mars. These combined with the 12 places of Jupiter will give 122 x l2 or 123 or 1728 places for the three planets, the Sun, Mars and Jupiter. Similarly 4 planets will give 124 positions and 5 planets will give 125 positions, and so on. Now horoscopy deals with the positions of the five planets Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn, as well as the Sun, the Moon and Rahu (Moon's ascending node). * Of these 8 planets, all, excepting the inferior planets, Mercury and Venus, will give us 12o positions. Now the greatest elongation of Mercury from the sun is about 29°, and that of Venus is about 47°; so that when the Sun occupies a particular sign, Mercury will occupy either that sign or the sign next after it or next before it; similarly Venus will be either in the house occupied by the Sun or in one of the two signs next after it or next before it. In other words, the number already obtained will have to be increased threefold on account of Mercury and fivefold on account of Venus. The number then is 126 x 3 x 5. Combine with this the 12I,agnas. The total number of Rasi Chakrams therefore is 126 x 3 x 5 x 12 = 127 x 15 = 537477120. So that while the limit of time is 4320000000 siderial years, the limit of Rasi Chakrams during that period is 537477120. These figures have been stated simply with the object of dispelling certain wrong notions that the number of horoscopic Rasi Chakrams is infinite and that the changes go on for an infinite period of time. On the other hand, it would be wrong to suppose that the scope of a Nadigran-tham extends to the period of a Kalpa or that it treats of so many chakrams. The chakrams themselves cannot be so many in reality, the number given above expresses the possible number of positions in which the planets can be conceived to be placed in the 12 signs of the Zodiac algebraically. But they cannot assume all these positions, for this simple reason, that they have motions of their own and can only come to particular positions subject to such motions. Again, of 537477120 horoscopic Rasi Chakrams, reduced, as just pointed out, a very large number refers to animals and plants, (Vide Ch. 3 on Animal and Vegetable horoscopy). Again, it does not appear that the Nadi-granthams treat of any period of time other than the present Kaliyuga, and it is probable that those human chakrams that pointed to births in other yugas have been rejected. Now a number of horoscopes, though agreeing in the broad Zodiacal divisions of the planetary places, might show great differences where the divisions are more minute; as the Navamsa, Trimsamsa, Hora, Drek-kaua, Dvadasamsa and the like divisions, and it might be asked whether the Nacligranthams recognize these divisions, and if not, on what basis these Granthams are built.

* Uranus, Neptune and other telescopic planets are not supposed to exerciese any appreciable influence over human affairs.

The 360 degrees of the ecliptic are divided into 12 equal parts of 30 degrees each, and each division is known as a sign of the Zodiac. Each sign, for purpose of Nadi-granthams is divided into 150 parts known as amsas, and these amsas have particular names assigned to them, such as Vasudha, Vaisnnavi, Brdhmi, Kala Kuta, Ahi, Sankari, and so forth. A degree of the ecliptic contains 5 such parts, and each part is divided into two halves known as Purvabhaga and Uttarabhaga, i.e., the first half and the second half. For each half the Nadigrantham contains a life, and this half represents in space 6 minutes, and in time a Vigliatika or 24 seconds. So that the number of horoscopes treated of in Nadigranthams as regards the amsas is 3,600. Now the first volume of Dhruvanadi gives a brief account of the lives of persons for the many amsas already referred to. The sketch is quite independent of the position of the planets and holds true with some slight alterations from planetary influences. The points treated of refer to the material points of one's life. Now in the case of human horoscopy there is a law connecting the amsas with the positions of the planets. I long suspected that such a law of connection must exist. For otherwise it would not be possible to describe correctly the positions of the planets several thousand years hence and for such long ages. I examined the pages of the volume already referred to, and found the author writing in one place as follows:-