Susa (Gr. ra Σούσα, the city of lilies), an ancient city of Persia, the Shushan (Heb., lily) of the Scriptures, the capital of the province of Susiana, and one of the residences of the court. It was between the Choaspes (the modern Kerkha) and the Coprates (Abzal, an affluent of the Karun), enjoyed a fine climate, and was one of the largest cities of the Persian empire. Strabo says it was 120 stadia in circumference, and surrounded with a wall of burnt brick. According to Pliny, it was founded by Darius Hystaspis, though others make Tithonus, the father of Memnon, its founder. It was for a long period the chief treasury of the Persian empire. In 325 B. C, when visited by Alexander, it possessed immense wealth, and from its plunder he gave largesses to his soldiers and presents of great value to his generals on the occasion of his marriage with Barsine and Parysatis. There has been considerable controversy as to the site of the ancient city, but the discovery by Sir. W. F. Williams and Mr. W. K. Loftus of a gigantic tumulus and cuneiform and Greek inscriptions at the modern Sus, E. of the Kerkha, establish that as the locality of Susn, over Sinister, which was formerly suggested as a probable site.