I. Johann Karl August

I. Johann Karl August, a German author, born in Konigsberg, Oct. 14, 1792, died in Munich, March 10, 1871. He passed from the gymnasium to a mercantile house, accompanied the Russian general Rosen as secretary in the campaigns of 1813 - '15, and subsequently in his travels through Europe. In 1817 he became associated at Breslau with Schell and Holtei, with whom he wrote the comedy Der Grosspapa. He was for nine years connected as actor or director with the theatres at Briinn, Munich, Nuremberg, and Bamberg, and he was afterward for four years stage manager at Hamburg. After visiting Paris and Italy a second time, he established himself in 1834 at Stuttgart, where he founded the journal Europa, which he edited for 12 years. In 1850 he became one of the editors of the Deutsche Chronik, a conservative journal, and shortly after he joined the Roman Catholic church. From 1849 to 1862 he was stage manager of the court theatre in Stuttgart. In the latter year he was pensioned, and retired to Munich, where he resided until his death. His works comprise novels, translations, critical essays, and sketches of travel.

Most of them are contained in his Gesammelte Werke (12 vols., Leipsic, 1844-,5). His latest productions are: Tornisterbuchel (Schaffhau-sen, 1861); Der Insurgent (1865); Inigo, eine Bilderreihe aus dem Leben des heiligeri Ignatius ton Loyola (1870); and Letzte Fahrten (Mentz, 1871).

II. Faimy

II. Faimy, a German authoress, cousin of the preceding, born in Konigsberg, March 24, 1811. Her father, a prominent Jewish merchant, consented to her embracing Christianity in 1828, and made her his companion in his travels. In 1834 she wrote some fairy tales. At the suggestion of her cousin she wrote her first novel for his Europa (1841), and in the following four years she published anonymously a series of novels indicating her sympathies with social and political reforms. While in Italy in 1845, where her father died, she became intimate with Adolf Stahr, a distinguished German author, and married him ten years later at Berlin, their place of residence, retaining however her maiden name for her publications. She described her travels in Italienisches Bil-derbuch (2 vols., Berlin, 1847) and Reisetage-buch aus England und Schottland (2 vols., Brunswick, 1852), and wrote in the short space of a few days Diogena, Roman von Idu-na Grafin von H. H. (2d ed., Leipsic, 1847), a satire against Countess Hahn-Hahn, the novelist, which had a great success.

Among her other works are: Prinz Louis Ferdinand (3 vols., Breslau, 1849; 3d ed., 1869); Wandlun-gen (3 vols., Brunswick, 1853); Neue Romane (5 vols., Berlin, 1858-'61); the village story Das Madchen von Hela (2 vols., 1860); her autobiography, Heine Lebensgeschichte (6 vols., 1861); and the novel Von Geschlecht zu Ge-schlecht (8 vols., 1863-'5). She also wrote the most interesting portion of her husband's Bin Winter in Rom (2d ed., 1871). In 1869 she joined Jenny Hirsch in editing Die Frauen-welt, a periodical devoted to woman's rights, and in 1870 appeared her Far und wider die Frauen and Nella, in 1871 Die Unzertrenn-lichen and Pflegeeltern, and in 1874 Benedict. Her collected works have been published in 30 parts (Berlin, 1871 et seq.).