The same principles that apply to bills of exchange apply to bank checks. By the weight of authority an unaccepted check is not an assignment of the fund in the hands of the drawee.1 Hence if the bank on which the check is drawn refuses payment the holder of the check cannot maintain an action against the bank even if the bank has in its hands funds of the drawer.2 Hence if the drawer becomes insolvent and makes an assignment the funds in the hands of the drawee should be paid to the assignee of the drawer and not to the payee.3 So if before the check is presented a creditor of the drawer brings proceedings in garnishment to which the bank is made a party, such creditor's claim is superior to that of the holder of the check.4 Even if the check is given for the exact amount of the deposit it is not an assignment.5 Hence cashing indorsed time checks and holding them as vouchers does not amount to an assignment of the claims of the laborers evidenced thereby.6 In some jurisdictions, however, a check is held to be an assignment of the money owing from the drawee to the drawer up to the amount of the check.7 Where this view is entertained the death of the drawer does not revoke the check.8 The holder of an unaccepted check has a right to the fund against a creditor of the drawer who attaches after the check is drawn and before it is presented.9 So where A had deposited a fund in his own name, the equitable interest of which belonged to B, and A gave B a check for the fund which B indorsed to C, C has a claim to the fund prior to the attaching creditors of B.10 The holder of the check may maintain an action against the bank if having funds of the drawer in its hands it refuses payment,11 even if the check is drawn for less than the amount of the fund,12 and if the bank has made an assignment he has the same rights as against the assignee that the drawer would have had.13 Even where a check operates as an assignment, the bank may before presentment appropriate the money due the drawer to the payment of a debt due from him to the bank, and such appropriation will be upheld as against the holder of the check,14 though it has been held that the bank cannot make such appropriation after presentment.15 If the bank assigns, before payment of the check, he has no greater rights than the drawer would have had.16 Even where a check operates as an assignment a cashier's check evidencing a deposit is a mere change in the form of the evidence of indebtedness and gives no priority to the holder as against a receiver of the bank.17

5 Fulton v. Gesterding, - Fla. -; 36 So. 56 (decided under the negotiable instruments act).

6 Bush v. Foote, 58 Miss. 5; 38 Am. Rep. 310.

7 Whitney v. Bank, 137 Mass. 351; 50 Am. Rep. 316; Schmittler v. Simon, 101 N. Y. 554; 54 Am. Rep. 737; 5 N. E. 452.

8 Brady v. Chadbourne, 68 Minn. 117; 70 N. W. 981; Nimocks v. Woody, 97 N. C. 1; 2 Am. St. Rep. 268; 2 S. E. 249.

9Warren v. Bank. 149 111. 9; 25 L. R. A. 746; 38 N. E. 122.

10 Lawrence National Bank v. Kowalsky, 105 Cal. 41; 38 Pac.

517 (the draft being for the full amount of the debt) ; First National Bank v. Steel Co., 87 Ga. 435; 13 S. E. 586; First National Bank v. Ry., 52 la. 378; 35 Am. Rep. 280; 3 N. W. 395; Throop Grain Cleaner Co. v. Smith, 110 N. Y. 83; 17 N. E. 671.

11 First National Bank v. Steel Co., 87 Ga. 435; 13 S. E. 586.

12 Shannon v. Wolf, 173 111. 253; 50 N. E. 682.

13 Wells v. Brigham, 6 Cush. (Mass.) 6; 52 Am. Dec. 750.

14 Walcott v. Richman, 94 Me. 364; 47 Atl. 901.

1 Mining Co. v. Brown, 124 U. S. 385; Laclede Bank v. Schuler, 120 U. S. 511; Donohue-Kelly Banking Co. v. Pacific Co., 138 Cal. 183; 94 Am. St. Rep. 28; 71 Pac. 93; Harrison v. Wright, 100 Ind. 515; 50 Am. Rep. 805; Carr v. Bank, 107 Mass. 45; 9 Am. Rep. 6; Bren-nan v. Bank, 62 Mich. 343; 28 N. W. 881; Northern Trust Co. v. Rogers. 60 Minn. 208; 51 Am. St. Rep. 526; 62 N. W. 273; Cincinnati, etc., B. R. v. Bank. 54 O. S. 60; 56 Am. St. Rep. 700; 31 L. R. A. 653; 42 N. E. 700; Bank v. Brewing Co., 50 O. S. 151; 40 Am. St. Rep. 660; 33 N. E. 1054; Bank v. Shoemaker, 117 Pa. St. 94; 2 Am. St. Rep. 649; 11 Atl. 304; Akin v. Jones, 93 Tenn. 353; 42 Am. St. Rep. 921; 25 L. R. A. 523; 27 S. W. 669; Commercial Bank v. Chilberg, 14 Wash. 247; 53 Am. St. Rep. 873; 44 Pac. 264.

2 Washington First National Bank v. Whitman, 94 U. S. 343; Carr v. Bank, 107 Mass. 45; 9 Am. Rep. 6;

Creveling v. Bank, 46 N. J. L. 255; 50 Am. Rep. 417; First National Bank v. Clark, 134 N. Y. 368; 17 L. R. A. 580; 32 N. E. 38; Cincinnati, etc., R. R. v. Bank, 54 O. S. 60; 56 Am. St. Rep. 700; 31 L. R. A. 653; 42 N. E. 700.

3 Laclede Bank v. Schuler, 120 U. S. 511; Harrison v. Wright, 100 Ind. 515; 50 Am. Rep. 805; Akin v. Jones, 93 Tenn. 353; 42 Am. St. Rep. 921; 25 L. R. A. 523; 27 S. W. 669.

4 Duncan v. Berlen, 60 N. Y. 151; Commercial Bank v. Chilberg, 14 Wash. 247; 53 Am. St. Rep. 873; 44 Pac. 264.

5 Hence drawer's death revokes the check. Bernard v. Bank. 43 La. Ann. 50; 12 L. R. A. 302; 8 So. 702. The holder has no right of action against the bank. First National Bank v. Clark. 134 N. Y. 368; 17 L. R. A. 580; 32 N. E. 38.

6 United States v. Rundle, 107 Fed. 227; 52 L. R. A. 505.

7 Gage Hotel Co. v. Bank, 171 111. 531; 63 Am. St. Hep. 270; 39 L. R. A. 479; 49 N. E. 420; Niblack v. Bank, 169 I11. 517; 61 Am. St. Rep. 203; 39 L. R. A. 159; 48 N. E. 438; Whitehouse v. Whitehouse, 90 Me. 468; 60 Am. St. Rep. 278; 38 Atl. 374; Fonner v. Smith, 31 Neb. 107; 28 Am. St. Rep. 510; 11 L. R. A. 528; 47 N. W. 632; Harris County v. Campbell, 68 Tex. 22; 2 Am. St. Rep. 467; 3 S. W. 243; Neely v. Bank, 25 Tex. Civ. App. 513; 61 S. W. 559; Raesser v. Bank, 112 Wis. 591; 88 Am. St. Rep. 979; 56 L. R. A. 174; 88 N. W. 618.

8 Raesser v. Bank, 112 Wis. 591; 88 Am. St. Rep. 979; 56 L. R. A. 174; 88 N. W. 618.

9 Neely v. Bank, 25 Tex. Civ. App. 513; 61 S. W. 559; Dillman v. Carlin, 105 Wis. 14; 76 Am. St. Rep. 902; 80 N. W. 932.

10 Hemphill v. Yerkes, 132 Pa. St. 545; 19 Am. St. Rep. 607; 19 Atl. 342.

11 Gage Hotel Co. v. Bank, 171 111. 531; 63 Am. St. Rep. 270; 39 L. R. A. 479; 49 N. E. 420; Lester v. Given, 8 Bush. (Ky.) 357: Fog-arties v. Bank, 12 Rich. (S. C.) 518; 78 Am. Dec. 468.

12 Fonner v. Smith, 31 Neb. 107; 28 Am. St. Rep. 510; 11 L. R. A. 528; 47 N. W. 632.

13 Howes v. Blackwell, 107 N. C. 196; 22 Am. St. Rep. 870; 12 S. E. 245.

14Wyman v. Bank, 181 111. 279; 72 Am. St. Rep. 259; 48 L. R. A. 565; 54'N. E. 946; Bank v. Trust Co., 149 111. 343; 23 L. R. A. 611; 36 N. E. 1029.

15 Niblack v. Bank, 169 I11. 517; 61 Am. St. Rep. 203; 39 L. R. A. 159; 48 N. E. 438.