In the absence of any welldefined national standard as to what shall constitute a pure wine in the United States, or definitions and limitations as to the nature of the liquids which can lawfully be sold as such, I have had recourse to the well-defined and carefully worded laws of Germany and France which deal with the adulteration of wines, some of which, together with the accepted methods for the detection of adulteration, as agreed upon by chemists of prominence in those countries, I have collected together and inserted at the close of the Bulletin, under the heading of Appendix B.

The only State law I have been able to find which deals specifically with wine is a recent enactment in New York, which is also given in full in Appendix 0.

The nature and extent of the different kinds of adulteration as shown by the samples examined may conveniently be taken up in the same order as was pursued in treating of the methods for detecting them, and of these the first is the dilution or watering of wine.