Pyraster

Pyrus communis py-raster.

Pyrethrum

Fifty species. Hardy herbaceous, and green-house evergreen shrubs, except a few hardy annuals, and P. simplicifolium, which is a stove evergreen trailer. The shrubs are increased by cuttings, the herbaceous by division, and the annuals by seed. A light rich loam suits the whole.

Pyrola

Eight species. Hardy herbaceous. Division and seed. Shady border of peat, with a little light loam.

Pyrolirion

Pyrolirion aureum. Green-house bulb. Offsets. Sandy loam.

Pyrularia

Pyrularia pubera. Half-hardy deciduous shrub. Cuttings. Light loam.

Pyrus

Forty-four species, and very numerous varieties. Seed, cuttings, and grafting. Light loam, well drained. See Apple, Pear, and Service.

Pyxidanthera

Pyxidanthera barbulata. Half-hardy trailer. Cuttings and division. Peat, and a little sandy loam.

Quamoclit

Ten species. Herbaceous, and annual. Q. sanguined is evergreen. Young cuttings or seed. Light rich loam.

Quenouille

Quenouille is a fruit tree, with a central stem, and its branches trained in horizontal tiers, the lowest being the longest, and the others of course gradually lessening in length as they do in age, so that the tree, like a spruce fir, acquires a pyramidal form.

Quercus

The Oak. Forty-eight species, and many varieties. Hardy evergreen and deciduous trees. Seed, and grafting for some of the merely ornamental kinds. Deep clayey loam in valleys. Q. cerris, Bitter Oak. Q. robur or sessiliflorum, Common Oak. Q. ilex, Evergreen Oak.

Quickset

Quickset, the same as the Hawthorn, or Whitethorn, Cratcegus oxya-cantha. See Hedge.

Quincunx

Quincunx is the form resulting from planting in rows, with one plant opposite the centre of each vacancy in the row on each side of it, as in this diagram.

Fig. 138.

Quisqualis

Four species. Stove evergreen climbers. Young cuttings. Sandy loam and peat.

Quivisia

Quivisia heterophylla. Stove evergreen shrub. Ripe cuttings. Peat and light loam.

Rafnia

Five species. Greenhouse evergreen shrubs. R. trijlora is a biennial. Young cuttings. Peat and loam.

Ragged Robin

Lychnis Flos-cuculi.

Rags

See Vegetable Manures.

Ragwort

Othonara.

Ragwort

Senecio Jacobcea.

Railing

Railing is of various forms, but all, if made of wood, are soon decayed if slight, and clumsy and inelegant if strong. Iron railing is at once light, neat, and enduring, and like the following, may be purchased in England for about fifty cents per yard.

Fig. 139.

Rake

Rake (Fig. 140). "Garden Rakes vary in the length and strength of their teeth, as well as in their number; they are used for covering seeds, raking off weeds or cut grass, smoothing and pulverizing surface, etc. This implement is now much less in use than formerly, when broadcast sowing was prevalent. Now the broad hoe is quite as efficient in covering drill-sown seed.

Fig. 140.

"The Grass Lawn Rake, (Fig. 141,) has teeth sharpened on both edges, and is used for raking the grass in order to cut off the flower heads or buds of daisies, dandelions, and other plants, and the uneven tufts on grass lawns." - Rural Reg.

Fig. 141.