This section is from the book "The Villa Gardener", by J. C. Loudon. Also available from Amazon: The Villa Gardener.
Chouce of kinds.
1. As the kinds of flowers are exceedingly numerous, unless there were a decided taste or desire for botanical knowledge, we would introduce only the more showy and vigorous-growing sorts, increasing the number of kinds according to the size of the place.
3. Where it is intended to form a collection, every kind may be procured that will grow in the given climate.
S. We would select some of each of the different colours, so as to have an equal number of these colours in bloom for each of the floral months. We would also select these from as many of the natural orders as practicable, in order to show greater variety in the forms, and in the botanical differences of the flowers.
4. We would seldom plant flowers among trees, and large-growing shrubs; but either In beds or groups by themselves, or with an admixture of low-growing flowering shrubs; such as roses, hydrangeas, helianthemums, etc.
5. Almost the only kinds of flowers that we would introduce among large-growing shrubs are spring flowering bulbs.
6. In distributing beds of flowers over a residence, we would limit their range to a portion of the pleasare-ground adjoining the house; and we would place them along the walks, in order that they might be near the eye of the spectator.
7. Besides these scattered beds, we would form, in each place, one or more flower gardens.
8. In distributing the kinds in the beds, we would aim sometimes at producing splendid masses of one colour; and, at others, of variegated masses of colours; sometimes we would have in view a line display for only one month, to be succeeded by some other flower for the following month; while in other eases we would plant such a selection as should exhibit an equal number of plants in flower every month throughout the season.
9. Flowers requiring particular soils, aspects, etc we would plant together in the same group or bed.
10. Flowers characteristic of particular countries we would frequently plant together; such as Swiss plants. Highland plants, American plants, or the characteristic flowers of the flora of any particular country.
11. For the sake of a more brilliant display, we would Introduce, in groups by themselves. beds of exotic flowers, or flowering shrubs, requiring to be brought forward under glass, &c; such as pelargoniums, fuchsias, salvias, celsias, &c
19. Where there is a taste for botany, and a desire to possess an extensive collection of hardy herbaceous plants, we would contrive to introduce as many species as might be thought desirable in a botanic flower-garden, arranged either geographically, that is, each country by itself; physically, that is, according to soil, aspect, etc, such as alpines, meadow plants, marsh plants, or aquatics; or systematically, that is, according to some system of botanical classification.
18. When the object of a bed of flowers is to present one unbroken mass of colour, we would plant and manage it in the picturesque manner; but, where the object is to exhibit each plant separately and distinctly, then we would plant and manage the flower-beds according to the gardenesque mode.
14. We would take up, and replant in fresh soil, all perennial flowers whatever, at the end of one, two, or three, or at most four, years; in order to prevent the stronger from overpowering the weaker, and the soil of the bed from becoming exhausted by the abstraction of nourishment.
15. Where the picturesque plan of planting the trees and shrubs is adopted, perennial flowers and bulbs may be planted among them, on the first formation of the plantation, and left to be choked up and destroyed as the woody plants gradually spread over the surface.
16. The proportion of space, in the pleasure-ground, which should be covered with flowers, will depend on the taste of the proprietor. If shrubs and breadth of lawn are preferred, or if there Is a separate flower-garden, then the flower-beds need not be numerous, and may consist of a few near the house; but if the taste for flowers is greater than that for trees and shrubs, then the flower-beds may be increased accordingly.
 
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