This section is from "The Horticulturist, And Journal Of Rural Art And Rural Taste", by P. Barry, A. J. Downing, J. Jay Smith, Peter B. Mead, F. W. Woodward, Henry T. Williams. Also available from Amazon: Horticulturist and Journal of Rural Art and Rural Taste.
Professor Bryan, of Philadelphia, publishes in the Plow, Loom and Anvil, an interesting article on the construction and value of fish ponds - especially in the interior of the country. He gives an account of an artificial pond, between 200 and 800 feet square, on the farm of Gideon Lee, Esq., near Seneca Lake, N. Y., which was made by darning up a sloping surface backed by marshy ground. The supply of water is abundant - so that the overflow moves a grist mill. Some seventeen trout were put into this pond seven years ago. Since that time, two thousand large and fine fish have been taken from the pond, and the table of the family is at all times well supplied. Mr. Delafield, in the same neighborhood, has an artificial pond made by an embankment in the same way. It is stocked with fish, and not only supples his table, but allows fish once a week for his farm laborers. These ponds are also useful in affording a supply of ice to fill the ice house-every winter.
In England the carp is the favorite pond-fish, growing to a large size and becoming fat very readily. It is a good fish, especially adapted for ponds, and has been naturalized in several places in this country.
Very large - or, as in Mr. Lee's above referred to, has shallow places filled with tall grass into which the young trout swim, the old fish will often devour the young ones to such an extent as to prevent their increasing rapidly. To prevent this, it is best to make a small pond, con-nected with the large one by a shallow strait - only three or four inches deep. Into this small pond the little trout will escape when pursued, till they are large enough to command the respect of the seniors.
Useful ponds of this kind may often be made by merely forming a dam or embankment in any favorable spot well supplied with water.
Many persons have a fancy for making ponds as ornamental features in country places. This should never be done, unless it is first ascertained that there is not only an abundance of water to keep the pond full in the dryest seasons, but also to preserve it clear and fresh. A large pond, covered with weeds and half stagnant, may be useful - but it is far from ornamental. Nothing but a constant overflow - made by a stream running continually into and out of a pond, will keep it so clear and bright as to be really ornamental. ,
 
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