This section is from "The Horticulturist, And Journal Of Rural Art And Rural Taste", by P. Barry, A. J. Downing, J. Jay Smith, Peter B. Mead, F. W. Woodward, Henry T. Williams. Also available from Amazon: Horticulturist and Journal of Rural Art and Rural Taste.
IN a former article, an attempt was made to show, by the experience of Mr. Lorain, that farming by city gentlemen of no experience was a dangerous experiment, attended with many vexations and unexpected losses, crosses, and expenses. It would be scarcely fair not to give the other side; the case of a successful "gentleman's" farm, where the proprietor understands his business. Such a case we are fortunate in having been put in possession of, and we are confident it is not a solitary one.
In a conversation at Wodenethe, the topic was incidentally introduced, and Mr. H. W. Sargent recollected that Mr. Lilrman, a gentleman farmer, near Baltimore, had last year made out, by request of Mr. S., a statement from his books, which is as nearly accurate as possible. Our friend asked permission to publish it; this was readily granted, as the following note will testify: - Forest Hour (near Baltimore), July 5,1856.
My Dear Sir: Miss W. said, a few days ago, that the editor of the Horticulturist desires to publish, as probably of interest to the reader, the farm statements I sent yon last year. I feel much complimented by his notice. If I recollect right, I gave yon a calculation, or, rather, accounting sales of my last year's wheat crop, and also, a statement of what might be done on a farm of 400 acres.
To these various statements I have to add the counsel, to every gentleman farmer, never to spend or lay out on his farm one quarter of a dollar uselessly, or without producing an adequate return; on the other hand, to be liberal with every necessary expenditure.
I am quite convinced that capital can be employed profitably in agriculture, and it would produce a great improvement in the state of society in this country, if country homes are made profitable as well as ornamental and attractive. My receipts for cherries, this season, were $332 03, in seven days, and I lost three days or $200 by wet and hot weather.
Faithfully yours, Gustav W. Lurman.
To H. W. Sargent, Esq.
In addition to the moneyed result, the most undoubted evidences exist that there is a large revenue in the shape of the most bountiful provision for a bountiful table, produced on the place - such as the best fruits of the garden, the orchard, and the field. Indeed, it is one of Mr. Lurman's very pleasant hobbies, that as nearly everything as circumstances will permit that is set before his large family and his many guests, shall be the product of the farm; and certainly we have never seen better in any sense. We must, therefore, in making up a moneyed calculation of the produce of this admirable farm, add at least two or three thousand dollars for what is consumed by his large establishment, composed of the many served and their servitors. We are authorized by our own observations, and by Mr. Lurman's books to say, therefore, that his investments in farming yield him, after and beyond a family supply, six per cent, and upwards; bat they yield more than ibis, in the healthy action on the minds of all around him, in the cheerfulness of the entire manage, and the physical health of all the establishment.
This is a pleasing picture - it is one not always presented - we might say not often - but it is nevertheless within the reach of the rich if they will take the same pains as our host has done to make himself acquainted with the necessary details, the system and the routine of farming, cropping, etc. One of Mr. L,'s prominent maxims is, never to. put a dollar on the farm without a near or almost certain prospect that it is not thrown away. He deprecates the neighborhood of the merely rich who come from cities or elsewhere to farm, because their expense is too often devoted to producing show and effects for other people's eyes, rather than an example for those less able to afford a large expenditure. With us, he looks forward; he sees that with the acquisition of wealth comes extravagance too generally, and he naturally asks, where is all this to end? In an hundred years from now, if so much land is taken from the producing to the non-producing class of farms, where is our food to come from? Already, it is asserted from high authority, that even the former great agricultural State of Ohio is beginning to import its fooa\ so many persons are turning their attention to manufacturing, so many are employed on railroads and their appurtenances, such numbers have become rich by the rise of property, and from want of a proper taste for rural life have become consumers instead of producers; and in addition land is so badly tilled and so soon exhausted, that there are serious fears entertained by thoughtful people that America, "inexhaustible," great America, is in a fair way of some time, and at no distant time, taking a century as a short period of history, of not supporting her most rapidly increasing cities - her most wonderfully increasing population.
Mr. Liirman farms four hundred of his six hundred acres, entirely with free labor, as more profitable than slaves, in the held* His routine of cropping, on the old Pennsylvania plan, is as follows: -
The farm is in five fields, varying from 80 to 100 acres. He breaks up the pasture field in the fall and plants it with corn the next spring. The ensuing spring it is ploughed up, and one-half is seeded with barley, and one-half with oats.
When these crops are off, it is ploughed deeply with three-horse ploughs for wheat, which is seeded from the 20th of September to the 5th of October, when 300 lbs. to the acre of the best Peruvian guano has been put on.
The ensuing spring, say in March, red clover is sown on the wheat; the first crop of clover hay thus comes the fourth year after commencing the system. The second crop of clover is cut for seed if the season is favorable; if not it is pastured, occasionally by droves of cattle going eastward, the owners of which all know Mr. L.'s superior fields; the pasture is greatly benefited by droppings, and a revenue also obtained.
 
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