Malformations of the tubes are not frequent. Are usually associated with abnormalities of the uterus. They may occupy unusual positions as a result generally of adhesions.

Hyperemia of the tubes occurs in the early stage of inflammation and during menstruation. Hemorrhage is rare, except from a rupture of the tube in an ectopic pregnancy.

Salpingitis or inflammation of the tube is always the result of infection by micro-organisms gaining entrance from the uterus. It may be acute or chronic, and the most common cause is the gonococcus. Is also generally present in puerperal infections.

In the acute form the mucous membrane of the tube shows a catarrhal inflammation with an accompanying exudation, this latter varying according to the severity of the inflammation, being mucous, purulent, or hemorrhagic. There is a marked round-cell infiltration of the mucosa, and many of the epithelial cells may desquamate.

The exudate escapes from the fimbriated end of the tube, and sets up an inflammation of the adjacent tissues with the formation of adhesions. If the uterine end becomes obstructed the exudation may be retained. If the contents are purulent a pyosalpinx is formed; if much blood is present, a hematosalpinx; and when serous, the condition is called a hydrosalpinx. If the secretion of fluid continues the tube may become much dilated with any of the above contents. The walls will become thinner and rupture may occur. The contents may be discharged into the abdominal cavity, into the intestine, or be walled in by adhesions. If rupture occurs during the acute stage general peritonitis will usually result. If, however, the condition has been chronic the exudation is nearly always sterile on account of the death of the infecting bacteria.

In chronic salpingitis there is a hyperplasia of the connective tissue and muscularis; it is generally secondary to an acute infection. The tube-walls become much thickened, and adhesions to the outer surface are present. They may cause considerable distortion.

The contents of the tube may gradually be absorbed or calcareous material may be deposited.

Tuberculosis of the tubes is unusual; it may be either primary or secondary. The general appearance is similar in both forms. On the surface are numerous scattered miliary tubercles, and throughout the walls of the tube are minute caseous areas. Dense adhesions are commonly formed, and the organs are firmly bound down to neighboring structures. This condition may be associated with gonorrheal salpingitis. The uterus may become secondarily involved by the discharge into it of infected material from the tubes.

Syphilis is very rare, but has been found in the form of gummata and connective-tissue hyperplasia.

Tumors are not very frequent. Fibroma, myoma, and fibromyoma and lipoma have been described. Papilloma of the mucous membrane occasionally form and they are probably the starting-point of primary carcinoma. Secondary carcinoma is the result of extension from uterine involvement. Sarcoma and syncytioma malignum are sometimes found.

Cysts of the Fallopian tubes are generally present, as hydrosalpinx, a consequence of obstruction. Small cysts attached to a somewhat long and narrow pedicle are known as hydatids of Morgagni.