LOCATION

NAME OR KIND

SYMPTOMS

COMMON SITES OF METASTASIS

COMPLICATIONS

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

ANUS

epidermoid

pruritus tenesmus pain

perirectal and inguinal lymph nodes

invasion of other organs as bladder, etc.

relatively uncommon higher in women

BLADDER

transitional carcinoma squamous cell carcinoma (rare)

hematuria (persistent and repetitious) pain frequency nocturia incontinence passing of tumor fragments

may remain local lymph nodes liver lung bones skin (rare)

urinary infection and retention pyelonephritis pathological fractures fever weight loss

more common in older men may result from prolonged exposure to aniline dyes

osteogenic sarcoma

rheumatism sprain arthritis

lungs widespread metastasis

pleural effusion pain - worse at night fractures

occurs more frequently in young men

BONE

Ewing's sarcoma multiple myeloma

pain swelling disability fever pain or pressure local pain resembling arthritis anemia

widespread metastasis other bones widespread to other bones, lymph nodes, spleen, and liver

regional adenopathy pathological fractures renal failure collapse of vertebrae

pain may be early symptom occurs predominantly in men over 40

LOCATION

NAME OR KIND

SYMPTOMS

COMMON SITES OF METASTASIS

COMPLICATIONS

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

BRAIN AND CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

neuroblastoma astrocytoma ependymoma spongioblastoma

varied, depending on location headache dizziness visual disturbances nerve involvement sensory and motor changes vomiting

multiple sites

late: hemorrhage adenopathy bone pain paresthesia sensory and motor changes

difficult to differentiate symptoms and complications

BREAST

adenocarcinoma

lump abnormal discharge from nipple dimpling pigskin appearance of skin retraction of nipple enlarged axillary nodes

axillary nodes lungs bones liver opposite breast skull

lymphedema pathological fractures cough

more common in:

1. single women

2. women without children

3. women with history of abnormal lactation

CARTILAGE

chondrosarcoma

pain resembling rheumatism progressive weight loss

lungs

pathological fractures

contrary to usual - pain is an early symptom

epidermoid

(squamous cell carcinoma)

abnormal bleeding or discharge post coital bleeding

peritoneum regional metastases lung

painful urination constipation weight loss

more frequent in married women with children

LOCATION

NAME OR KIND

SYMPTOMS

COMMON SITES OF METASTASIS

COMPLICATIONS

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

CERVIX

adenocarcinoma sarcoma

elongation of the menstrual period constipation yellow vaginal discharge backache nausea vomiting hemorrhage

bones brain liver

anemia toxemia peritonitis uremia

most common site of cancer of female reproductive organs

COLON AND RECTUM

adenocarcinoma

bleeding flatus change in size, color of stools constipation diarrhea dyspepsia loss of appetite late: palpable mass pain weakness

mesentery retroperitoneal nodes liver lungs bones

obstruction hemorrhage dehydration malnutrition invasion of other organs

early symptoms - not dramatic and are often ignored hemorrhoids often coexist large percent are found in area of colon accessible to proctosigmoidoscopy

ESOPHAGUS

squamous cell cancer adenocarcinoma

dysphagia sensation of pressure substernal distress sensation of fullness weight loss pain cough

anterior jugular chain mediastinum supraclavicular or subdiaphragmatic nodes liver bones kidneys

empyema malnutrition bronchopneumonia

in United States is predominant in males

location

name or kind

symptoms

common sites of metastasis

complications

additional information

eye

(retina)

retinoblastoma

change in color of the pupil

"cat's eye" appearance squint of the eye bulging eye stumbling or holding head to one side (due to interference in vision)

bones lymph nodes liver brain

blindness extreme pain

predominantly in young children less than 4 years probably congenital and probably hereditary

kidney

adenocarcinoma

hematuria pain mass

lungs bone regional lymph nodes liver viscera brain

pyelonephritis uremia anemia cough pleural pain

more frequent in men

Wilms' tumor (embryonal mixed tumor)

weight loss abdominal mass

(most common) swelling of flank or abdomen anorexia abdominal discomfort fever hematuria pyrexia hypertension dysuria

lung bones brain ureters heart nodes

pathological fractures malnutrition anemia asthenia cough pleural pain

insidious onset painless usually large when discovered most common in children under 5 considered congenital

LOCATION

NAME OR KIND

SYMPTOMS

COMMON SITES OF METASTASIS

COMPLICATIONS

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

LARYNX

squamous cell carcinoma

hoarseness difficulty in swallowing cough pain in ear local pain in side of neck malodorous breath

cervical adenopathy lung liver bone

loss of voice malnutrition aspiration pneumonia

predominant in males

LIP

squamous cell carcinoma

superficial ulceration blister scabby lesion which does not heal

cervical region periauricular nodes of parotid submental or submaxillary nodes

edema dysphagia malnutrition

upper lip more common in women and more rapid growing than cancer of lower lip lower lip is more common form of oral cancer may be associated with leukoplakia

LIVER

hepatoma cholangioma

nausea vomiting fullness in abdomen pressure in epigastrium constipation pain - dull ache enlargement of liver anemia weight loss

lungs stomach regional lymph nodes

ascites edema esophageal varices

primary cancer of the liver is rare in the United States more common in men than in women

LOCATION

NAME OR KIND

SYMPTOMS

COMMON SITES OF METASTASIS

COMPLICATIONS

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

LUNGS

squamous cell carcinoma adenocarcinoma undifferentiated

irritative cough sometimes nocturnal mucoid expectoration hemoptysis wheeze pain of constrictive nature loss of weight

mediastinal nodes pleura axillary nodes pericardiac nodes kidneys aorta brain bone adrenals cerebrum

obstructive pneumonitis empyema anemia pulmonary insufficiency respiratory failure

more common in males over 45 years of age more common in heavy cigarette smokers

Hodgkin's Disease and lymphosarcoma

painless enlargement of lymph nodes (often cervical) rapidly progressing anemia (few cases) lassitude fever lumbar pain edema and pain of lower extermities enlargement of spleen pruritus (Hodgkin's)

general dissemination bones ribs sternum

collapse of bone structure depends on areas of metastasis

Hodgkin's Disease more common in males may occur in children as well as adults lymphosarcoma occurs in both children and elderly

LYMPHOMAS and LEUKEMIAS

acute leukemia

respiratory infection fever tonsillitis secondary infections stomatitis anemia pain in bones - joints prostration

generalized infiltration of body organs

pneumonia circulatory collapse infection hemorrhage

common in children

LOCATION

NAME OR KIND

SYMPTOMS

COMMON SITES OF METASTASIS

COMPLICATIONS

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

hemorrhage enlargement of spleen and liver

chronic leukemia

enlarged cervical lymph nodes enlarged spleen petichiae tenderness of sternum anemia tachycardia weight loss intolerance to heat perspiration dyspnea on exertion weakness pallor

generalized infiltration of body organs nervous system kidney lungs

eye hemorrhages infarction of spleen acute abdominal conditions gastrointestinal hemorrhage secondary infections pneumonia cough easy fatigue diarrhea nausea vomiting heart failure

insidious onset

ORAL CAVITY

squamous cell cancer melanoma (rare) sarcoma (rare)

pain ulceration growth pain in ear bleeding adenopathy trismus speech impairment

submaxillary and cervical nodes nodes around jugular vein bone

inability to chew hemorrhage malnutrition bronchopneumonia secondary infection

more common in older males tobacco may predispose

LOCATION

NAME OR KIND

SYMPTOMS

COMMON SITES OF METASTASIS

COMPLICATIONS

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

OVARY

adenocarcinoma fibroma undifferentiated

asymptomatic in early stages enlargement of abdomen pressure - backache low abdominal pain gastrointestinal complaints weight loss

lungs liver regional nodes peritoneum peritoneal cavity

ascites dysuria constipation

these grow insidiously and often are not diagnosed at an early stage

PENIS

squamous cell carcinoma

external ulcer small nodule warty growth, often painless bleeding infection odor edema of glans

abdominal nodes liver lungs

cough infected nodes hemorrhage bronchopneumonia

higher in foreign born males usually associated with phimosis

PROSTATE

adenocarcinoma sarcoma (rare)

frequency of urination painful urination hematuria urinary retention pain suggestive of arthritis or sciatica

lower lumbar spine pelvic bone upper femur perineural invasion of lymphatics lungs

pathological fractures bladder obstruction rectal occlusion edema of legs

important in aging male population

basal cell carcinoma

pearly or crusty appearance well circumscribed ulceration may or may not develop in a preexisting area of hyperkeratosis

almost never metastasize but burrow deeply and invade tissues

destruction of underlying and surrounding tissue and structures

common sites: nose, eyelids, skin of upper and lower lip and chin

LOCATION

NAME OR KIND

SYMPTOMS

COMMON SITES OF METASTASIS

COMPLICATIONS

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

SKIN

squamous cell carcinoma

wart like appearance failure to heal when surface is removed ulceration

fascia muscle cartilage bone lymph nodes (rare)

infection pain hemorrhage

common on hands, ears, temples arises most often in preexisting areas of hyperkeratosis

malignant melanoma or melanocar-cinoma

change in size of wart or mole bleeding increased pigmentation

highly malignant any organ may be invaded including spleen and heart

depend on area of metastasis

frequently arise in benign nevi may be nonpigmented prognosis poor

SMALL INTESTINE

adenocarcinoma carcinoid leiomyosarcoma lymphosarcoma

cramping abdominal pain bleeding obstruction nausea vomiting diarrhea weight loss

regional lymph nodes liver lungs peritoneum bones

pneumonia peritonitis ascites uremia hemorrhage starvation

this is a rare tumor

STOMACH

adenocarcinoma lymphosarcoma leiomyosarcoma

persistent chronic indigestion vague epigastric distress nausea hematemesis anemia belching pain distaste for food particularly meat weight loss fatigue

muscular layers of the stomach liver regional lymph nodes

pyloric obstruction vomiting hemorrhage ascites cachexia starvation

more common in men than in women

LOCATION

NAME OR KIND

SYMPTOMS

COMMON SITES OF METASTASIS

COMPLICATIONS

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

TESTES

teratoma choriocarcinoma seminoma

painless swelling of testes in choriocarcinoma may have gynecomastia lumbar pain (late)

lungs bladder liver lymph nodes

cough urinary retention dysuria anorexia vomiting

disease of young men insidious onset then rapid growth

THYROID

adenocarcinoma sarcoma (rare) squamous cell carcinoma (rare) undifferentiated

hemoptysis sensation of fullness in neck dysphasia cervical adenopathy

cervical lymph nodes mediastinal nodes lungs bones liver kidney brain tends to metastasize slowly

pressure on larynx laryngeal paralysis dysphagia spontaneous fractures

predominates in women 40-70 also found in children under 10 are slow growing

TONGUE

squamous cell carcinoma

growth slight local pain glossitis hypersalivation dysphagia earache stomatitis

submaxillary or jugular nodes adenopathy of subgastric group

hemorrhage aspiration pneumonia intense pain starvation

predominantly found in males often coexists with syphilitic gumma

LOCATION

NAME OR KIND

SYMPTOMS

COMMON SITES OF METASTASIS

COMPLICATIONS

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

UTERUS (ENDOMETRIUM)

adenocarcinoma sarcoma

intermenstrual bleeding postmenopausal bleeding foul watery discharge pain urinary symptoms

external iliac, para-ortic, and inguinal nodes vagina vulva liver lungs brain bones

constipation anemia

most common after menopause and in women who have borne no children

VAGINA

epidermoid

(squamous cell)

bloody discharge bleeding odor pain dispareunia

external iliac, and hypogastric nodes inguinal nodes

urinary frequency painful defecation dysuria uremia

occurs in older age group very rare

VULVA

epidermoid

(squamous cell)

pruritus ulceration and pain bleeding painful coitus

inguinal, hypogastric, retroperitoneal nodes liver lungs

cellulitis phlebitis

leukoplakia may be a precursor common in older women