The first-floor plan of a residence is shown in Fig. 80. In this building a separate laundry is provided in the basement, so that the sink is the only plumbing fixture in the kitchen. A pantry sink is provided in the butler's pantry, adjoining the dining-room, and toilet accommodations, consisting of lavatory and water closet, are provided for the servants in a toilet compartment adjoining the kitchen but accessible only from the hall. A window in this compartment serves to ventilate the room and insure a constant change of air.

The second floor of the same building is shown in Fig. 81. This plan is interesting in that it points out very forcibly the extent to which bath rooms are provided in modern homes. Of the five sleeping rooms on this floor four of them are direct connected to bath rooms, and a bath room is accessible to the remaining bedroom by traversing a few steps across the hall. As the two bedrooms to the left of this illustration are made communicating it might almost be said that each bed room is direct connected to a bath room.

Fig. 81 Second Floor Plan of Private House

If so many bath rooms are found desirable in a building built as compact as this one, where a centrally located toilet room could be reached from any bedroom in a few steps, how much more necessary are they in large, rambling structures, with numerous wings and long corridors, that would have to be traversed by guests or family to avail themselves of its advantages if only one bath room were provided! There is nothing in a home probably that conduces so much to the comfort of the inmates as a communicating bath room, where the morning dip can be taken immediately; upon rising without running the gauntlet of all the inmates and servants to reach the tub; and the first aim of an architect should be to make the home comfortable.

Sometimes less money is available for plumbing in the house, and the problem is to secure the greatest number of conveniences for the least outlay. This has been well accomplished in the three following plans of a Colonial home of moderate cost. The basement plan, Fig. 82, shows the general layout of the water supply and drainage system, but the cellar contains no fixtures except the water heater.

The first floor of this building is shown in Fig. 83. This floor is noticeable more for the absence of plumbing fixtures than anything else; still, at the same time, there are enough for all requiremerits. The kitchen in this instance is used as a laundry, and a set of two laundry tubs is provided adjoining the sink. These tubs have ash tops which, when down, serve as table space for the servant.

Fig. 82 Cellar Plan of Residence

The plumbing features of this building are mostly contained on the second floor, shown in Fig. 84. Here, in addition to the bath room, which is common to all the inmates, each bedroom has a lavatory. These lavatories are so located that they are not visible in the bedrooms, take up but little space where they are, and being located back to back one set of pipes serves for each pair, so that the cost need be but little more than the fixtures. Fixtures can be purchased for any price, from twelve dollars upward, so that stationary lavatories, with all their conveniences, can be had in sleeping-rooms for but little more than the cost of portable wash basins, and for far less than the basin, pitcher and stand.

Owing to the fact that two of the closets where the' basins are located are inside rooms they are deprived of the benefits of natural light and ventilation through windows. To offset this disadvantage the lavatories in these two rooms are located alongside of the doors, so that, so far as sanitary considerations are concerned, they may be considered as though set outside of the partitions in the sleeping-rooms, where there is both light and ventilation.

A feature incorporated in this building, but too often omitted from buildings whose owners could well afford the cost, is the housekeeper's bath room adjoining her sleeping-room. Cleanliness begins with the person, and if the housekeeper has no means of keeping clean it cannot be expected that she will be overscrupulous about the food she prepares or the building she looks after. The best way, then, to insure a good clean home and wholesome meals is to start with the housekeeper's quarters and see that they possess all the sanitary advantages of the rest of the house. That, together with a living room for her, will go a long way toward solving the so-called help problem, not to mention the satisfaction it should give the owner.

Fig. 83 First Floor Plan of Residence

In the layout of fixtures for the bath room a better arrangement would have been to locate the water closet in a separate compartment adjoining the bath room and accessible either from the bath room or the hall. To do so, however, would have necessitated cutting up that part of the floor to a considerable extent, and would have spoiled one of the sleeping-rooms, unless the building were made larger. In short, it could be done only by sacrificing a room, or enlarging the building at great expense, which it did not warrant. If desired, an emergency closet could be put in the cellar, but, with a lavatory in every bedroom in the building, a separate closet would hardly be necessary, although it would be desirable.

Vacuum outfits for cleaning buildings cannot properly be considered plumbing work, but, as they are a sanitary feature of buildings, and have not as yet been given the consideration they merit in planning the home, it will not be amiss to mention them here. They are, comparatively, so inexpensive and require so little piping that it would seem they should be incorporated in every residence, not to mention other classes of buildings, and the cost of operation is correspondingly small.

Fig. 84 Second Floor Plan of Residence

In the building under consideration a vacuum pump is shown on the cellar plan, and the four outlets for attaching hose are marked on the first and second floor plans.