Next, on the one side the first futtock is laid down on the blocks and brought into position so that its lower butt fits the butt of the floor, while the upper butt is shifted until, with the end of the horning batten held against the nail at 0, its outer and upper corner corresponds with the measurement H2 indicated for this frame. The futtock is then lightly dogged in position. Next the second futtock on the opposite side is laid on the blocks and brought into position with its lower butt fitting the butt of the floor, while the upper end is shifted until, with the end of the horning batten held against the nail at O the outer and upper edge at horning point No. 2 corresponds with the distance H2 marked for that frame. Then this futtock is lightly dogged in place. Exactly the same procedure is followed in locating the balance of the futtocks in this-tier and the lower ends of the top timbers. When the top timbers are placed, the top is shifted until, with the half-breadth batten held against the nail at L, the outer and upper edge at the deck line corresponds with the half-breadth distance marked for this frame.

In placing the first tier of futtocks, if rough sawn timbers are used, thin shims must be used to bring the upper surfaces even. Shingles are best for this purpose.

After the first horning is completed, the butts are cut in with a large cross-cut saw until they fit when the timbers are driven together. With an experienced crew the cutting in of the butts will begin as soon as the first futtock has been dogged down. After the butts have been cut in until they fit and all of the timbers driven down, then the horning points and half-breadths are checked, and the timbers dogged fast.

This completes the assembling of the lower tier. The upper tier timbers are laid on the lower tier in their proper position, so that the sawn edges match. They are then lightly dogged down until the butts have been cut in and the timbers are driven down, after which the dogs are driven tight. The frame is then bored and fastened. To hold the upper ends of the frame in position a lighter timber, called a cross-pawl, extending from top to top, must be spiked in place before the frame is moved from the stage. This cross-pawl usually consists of a 2" X 8" plank, either in one or two lengths, and should be well spiked to each top with ship spikes driven through washers. If the cross-pawl is made of two lengths of plank they should be well lapped and spiked at the joint.

Frames are commonly skidded from the stage to their proper positions in the ship then up-ended into place. For this purpose a skid rail is erected on each side of the keel, its top being level with the top of the keel, and its distance out from the keel two or three feet less than the half breadth of the widest frame. Then a shoe is built to slide on the keel. This should have shrouds to keep it from sliding off to one side. As the frame is dragged from the stage with the' yard winch tackle, this shoe is inserted under the floor. Just before the tops of the frame leave the stage a heavy timber, long enough to span the frame and skid rails, is inserted under and across the frame, a short distance from the top. The blocks marked B in Fig. 49 are for the purpose of holding the top of the frame clear of the stage and skid rails to permit the insertion of this timber. Supported in this fashion the frame is skidded to its proper position and up-ended.