Grafe ,.I. Karl Ferdinand von, a German surgeon, born in Warsaw, March 8, 1787, died in Hanover, July 4, 1840. He graduated as a doctor of medicine at Leipsic in 1807, and in 1811 became professor of surgery in Berlin. During the war with Napoleon he superintended the military hospitals, and after the restoration of peace (1815) he became a member of the medical staff of the army. Students from all parts of the world attended his lectures, and on his visit to England he was the guest of the king. In Paris Dupuytren invited him to take his place as a lecturer. In 1840 he was summoned to Hanover to operate upon the eyes of the crown prince (the present ex-king George), but he suddenly died after his arrival there. The revival of the rhino-plastic process was due in a great measure to the labors of Grafe, who propounded his system in his work Rhinoplastik (Berlin, 1818). II. Albrecht von, a German oculist, son of the preceding, born in Berlin in May, 1828, died there, July 18, 1870. He studied mathematics and the natural sciences, and afterward medicine, at Berlin, Prague, Vienna, and Paris, devoting himself particularly to ophthalmology, and founded in Berlin a private establishment for the treatment of the eyes. He was also professor of ophthalmology in the university.

He was distinguished for great practical and scientific acquirements in ophthalmology, the leading journal of this department of medicine at Berlin, Von Grafe's Archiv fur Ophthalmologic, being conducted under his name with the collaboration of Profs. F. Arlt, F. C. Donders, and Th. Leber. Most of Von Grafe's important contributions were published in this journal. These were papers on the "Physiology and Pathology of the Oblique Muscles of the Eyeball," on " Double Vision after Operations for Strabismus," on "Diphtheritic Conjunctivitis," on the " Effect of the most refrangible Solar Rays upon Sensation," on the "Treatment of Glaucoma by Iridectomy," on the " Cerebral Causes of Blindness," and on a modified form of the operation for the extraction of cataract. He was also a frequent contributor to the medical society of Berlin and to various medical journals. III. Alfred Karl, nephew and some time assistant of the preceding, born Nov. 23, 1830. In 1858 he graduated at Halle, afterward became professor there, and founded an ophthalmic institute, which is visited by several thousand patients annually. He was the first to obtain a recognition of the study of diseases of the eyes as a special science in the Prussian universities.

He has published Klinische Analyse der Motilitatsstorungen des Auges (Berlin, 1858), Symptomenlehre der Augenmuskellah-mungen (1807), and Ein Wort zur Erinne-rung an Albrecht von Grafe (1870).