Flesh Wounds

Uncover wound; wash it with clean water; wring out a clean hand-kerchief, or lint, in cold water, and lay it over the wound. Then bind in position with handkerchief. On no account use tobacco or cobweb.

Fainting

From heat, exhaustion, or loss of blood. Keep head low; undo clothing about neck; plenty of fresh air; dash cold water on face and chest; smelling-salts carefully used; a little brandy when sensibility has returned, excepting in cases of sunstroke, and where means have not been taken to prevent further bleeding.

Fits

1. If snoring and face flushed, undo clothing around neck, keep head raised and dash cold water on top of head; hot-water bottles to feet. Send for doctor. Do not give brandy.

2. If foaming at mouth and convulsed, undo clothing, apply smelling-salts and prevent the patient from hurting himself or herself until conscious again.

Rupture Or "Break Of The Body"

Try and push it back with flat hand; keep man on his back. Cold, wet cloths laid over rupture will, perhaps, aid its return. Send for doctor then.

Suffocation

Suffocation from breathing noxious vapors from wells, coal gas or charcoal flumes. - Remove the patient to fresh air, sprinkle cold water on face and head, rub strong vinegar about nostrils, give drink of vinegar and water; to excite breathing, apply rules given in case of drowning. Unless a candle will burn with a clear flame in a well near the water, it is unsafe for persons to go down. Air may be purified by showering water into the well.

Drowning

Freely expose the face, neck and chest in the breeze, except in very severe weather. Turn the patient on face (let some one hold head so that the face does not touch the ground) and elevate the body so that the water in the lungs may flow out at the nose and mouth. First turn the patient slightly on his side, apply snuff or ammonia to the nostrils, dash cold water in the face, rubbing the body briskly until it is warm. To imitate respiration, throw the patient on his face, then turn the body gently but completely on the side and a little beyond, repeating these measures deliberately, efficiently and perseveringly fifteen times a minute in all. This number of thoracic movements per minute acts with the natural order of respiratory thoracic dilations and contractions, corresponds with the slow movement of the heart, averaging something less than sixty pulsations per minute. When the prone position is resumed, make equable but efficient pressure along the spine; remove it immediately before rotation on the side. (The first measure augments expiration; the second commences inspiration.) To induce circulation and warmth, continue these measures, rubbing the limbs upward with a firm pressure and with energy, using handkerchiefs, etc. Replace the patient's wet clothing by such other as can be soonest procured-To incite inspiration, let the surface of the body be briskly slapped with the hand or let cold water be dashed briskly on the surface, previously rubbed dry and warm.

Frozen Limbs

Rub with snow or place in cold water until sensation returns. Warm very gradually.

A Shock

If faint and cold, give stimulant in small doses, once in fifteen or twenty minutes, and secure warmth by external application or rubbing.