"Then follows a description of the Csesarean operation, which, of course, no one but an experienced veterinary surgeon should be allowed to perform; so it is not necessary to give it here.

"Prolapsus or inversion of the womb or uterus into the vagina sometimes, but very rarely, occurs during parturition, due to very severe straining, or as the result of too much force being used to remove a puppy with forceps or by other artificial means. Care must be taken in these cases not to mistake protrusion of the uterus with prolapsus of the vagina, or a polypus. The latter may be recognized as a solid pear-shaped body with a narrow neck, whilst a prolapsed vagina is generally a large solid oval body which almost fills the vaginal canal if it does not protrude externally; it has a broad base and rises at the back part of the passage just behind the meatus or opening of the bladder. The uterus is soft, reducible, and rough and tubular in shape, besides showing dark-colored patches where the placentae have been attached.

"After the womb has been cleansed by being sponged with a weak, tepid solution of Condy's Fluid or permanganate of potash, it should, if possible, be returned by gentle pressure on the fundus of the uterus with a piece of whalebone with the point covered with sponge; the returning is assisted if the hind legs are raised in part by the bitch being held upside down. Care must be taken not to use undue force or the uterus may be ruptured. After the return it is a good plan to inject a quantity of cold water into the vagina to act as an astringent.

"When the protruding uterus shows signs of having been injured or is much congested, or decomposition has set in, amputation is advisable. This is best done by drawing the part gently out and applying a strong ligature as high up as possible and cutting off the free portion."

In the June number of the Kennel Gazette (Eng.) Mr. Sewell takes up the care of the mother and puppies, and, judging from the serious losses which occur in almost every kennel from carelessness, or worse, kennel managers cannot read the following too carefully, and even the veterans may gain a wrinkle or two:

"When the bitch has finished pupping she should be made comfortable by renewing her bedding and given some warm milk. As to the bedding, there is nothing better than straw, laid straight across the box and changed daily. I do not like mats or cloths even for small dogs in these cases, for they become so quickly foul. When the bitch has had a large litter or has had a bad time, it is a good plan to give the yolk of an egg, beaten up with milk and a little brandy; or, if the bitch is inclined to vomit, some beef tea or Bovine - a small quantity every hour. This may even be occasionally given before the bitch has finished having all her puppies, if she appears very exhausted. A few hours later in ordinary cases, when all is going well, some thin oatmeal gruel, which is the best food for the next two or three days, may be given. When the bitch seems disinclined to take sufficient milk gruel, sheep's head broth, thickened with fine oatmeal, may be ordered, and even bread and milk or gravy. After the third day, more solid food may be given, as crushed biscuit or boiled rice, with sheep's head broth and .the meat from the bones added; also a little fish, and if the bitch is not feeding well, milk may be given to drink instead of water. As time goes on, especially when there is a large litter, more nourishment is required, and the food must be increased by degrees so that the bitch is kept in fairly good condition, though of course not made fat, or the secretion of milk may be checked and the puppies will suffer.

Some bitches are so zealous in their care of the puppies, more especially at first, that their health suffers in consequence. In such cases the dam must be made to go out to relieve herself, particularly the bladder. I have seen very severe cases of illness caused by the mother not leaving her puppies, and in two instances death was the result of the bladder becoming over-distended and not being emptied. The condition of the bowels also sometimes requires attention, but, as a rule, when the bitch has been allowed to follow her natural desires and she has eaten the fcetal membranes, the bowels are often relaxed in the course of a day or two, and so long as it is not severe, no notice may be taken of it, but when there is much purging it is a good plan to give a small dose of castor oil to carry it off, and if after this has worked off, very loose motions continue and are frequently passed, some carbonate of bismuth, from five to fifteen grains shaken dry on the tongue, may be given three or four times a day. In these cases the milk, or broth, should be thickened with arrowroot instead of oatmeal so long as the bowels continue troublesome.

After pupping, a bitch naturally has a great deal of discharge from the womb, which continues, as a rule, for about a fortnight, sometimes a good deal longer. I find it a good plan when the last puppy is born to syringe the uterus out with a tepid solution of permanganate of potash. When the discharge is very copious and offensive, it is a good plan to repeat the syringing every day for the first week; and the coat surrounding the passage, when the bitch does not keep herself clean, should be washed occasionally with warm water and carbolic soap and afterwards carefully dried.

When the discharge from the passage continues after three weeks, astringent injections are necessary, as a teaspoonful of powdered burnt alum dissolved in a pint of tepid water and repeated morning and evening.

Occasionally, after the usual discharge has ceased, a bitch will have a blood-like discharge, the same as is seen in bitches when in oestrum, and this may continue for weeks. It is due to a relaxed condition of the parts, and when very profuse the bitch becomes much emaciated and weakened. The alum injection should be given and from two to five drops of witch hazel bark, administered three times a day in a little water. When this does not stop the discharge, ergotine, from tna-half to two grains, made into a pill, may be given twice a day.