Imperial Gals.

4

gills or quarterns..

1 pint

2

pints.........

1 quart

4

quarts (231 cu. in.)

1 gallon =

.8333

10

gallons.......

1 anchor =

8.333

18

gallons.......

1 bunlet =

15

31¼

gallons.......

1 barrel =

26.25

42

gallons.......

1 tierce =

35

63

gallons, or...........

1 hogshead =

52.5

2

barrels......

84

gallons, or.....

1 puncheon =

70

1⅓

hogsheads.........

126

gallons, or.....

1 pipe or = butt

105.

2

hogsheads or. .

1½

puncheons......

2

pipes or..........

1 tun =

210

3

puncheons......

Apothecaries' Weight is the officinal standard of the United States Pharmacopoeia. In buying and selling medicines not ordered by prescriptions avoirdupois weight is used.

Lb.

Oz.

Dr.

Scr.

Gr.

1 =

12 =

96 =

288 =

5760

1

8 =

24 =

480

1 =

3 =

60

1 =

20

Avoirdupois Weight

Used for weighing all goods except those for which troy and apothecaries' weight are employed.

Gross or Long

Ton.

Cwt.

Qr.

Lb.

Oz.

Dr.

1 =

20 =

80 =

2,240 =

35,840 =

573,440

1 =

4 =

112 =

1,792 =

28,672

1 =

28 =

448 =

7,168

1 =

16 =

256

1 =

16

Short or Net

Ton.

Cwt.

Qr.

Lb.

Oz.

Dr.

1 =

20 =

80 =

2,000 =

32,000 =

512,000

1 =

4 =

100 =

1,600 =

25,600

1 =

25 =

400 =

6,400

1 =

16 =

256

1 =

16

The "short" ton of 2,000 lbs. is used commonly in the United States. The British or "long" ton, used to some extent in the United States, contains 2,240 lbs., corresponding to a cwt. of 112 and a quarter of 28 lbs.

Troy Weight

Used by jewelers and at the mints, in the exchange of the precious metals.

Lb.

Oz.

Dwt.

Gr.

1 =

12 =

240 =

5760

1 =

20 =

480

1 =

24

7000

troy grains =

1 lb.

avoirdupois.

175

troy pounds =

144 lb.

avoirdupois.

175

troy ounces =

192 oz.

avoirdupois.

437½

troy grains =

1 oz.

avoirdupois.

1

troy pound =

.8228 +

lb. avoirdupois.

The common standard of weight by which the relative values of these systems are compared is the grain, which for this purpose may be regarded as the unit of weight. The pound troy and that of apothecaries' weight have each five thousand seven hundred and sixty grains; the pound avoirdupois has seven thousand grains.

The relative proportions and values of these several systems are as follows:

Troy.

Avoirdupois.

Oz.

Dr.

1

pound equals..............

13

2.65

1

ounce equals.........

1

1.55

1

dwt. equals..........

0

0.877

Troy.

Apothecaries'.

Lb.

Oz.

Dr.

Scr.

Gr.

1

pound equals..............

1

0

0

0

0

1

ounce equals.........

0

1

0

0

0

1

dwt. equals..........

0

0

0

1

4

1

grain equals........

0

0

0

0

1

Apothecaries'.

Avoirdupois.

Oz.

Dr.

1

pound equals.............

...13

2.65

1

ounce equals...............

... 1

1.55

1

drachm equals.......

... 0

2.19

1

scruple equals.........

... 0

0.73

Apothecaries'.

Troy.

Lb.

Oz.

Dwt.

Gr.

1

pound equals.............

1

0

0

0

1

ounce equals.............

0

1

0

0

1

drachm equals.............

0

0

2

12

1

scruple equals......

0

0

0

20

Avoirdupois.

Troy.

Lb.

Oz.

Dwt.

Gr.

1

long ton equals.........

2722

2

13

8

1

cwt. equals........

136

1

6

16

1

quarter equals.........

34

0

6

16

1

pound equals.........

1

2

11

16

1

ounce equals.........

0

18

5½

1

drachm equals.........

0

1

3 11/32

Avoirdupois.

Troy.

Lb.

Oz.

Dwt.

Gr.

1

short ton equals.........

2430

6

13

8

1

cwt. equals.........

121

6

6

16

1

quarter equals.........

30

4

11

16

Avoirdupois.

Apothecaries'.

Lb.

Oz.

Dr.

Scr.

Gr.

1

pound equals.........

1

2

4

2

0

1

ounce equals.........

0

0

7

0

17½

1

drachm equals.. . .

0

0

0

1

7 11/32

Diamond Measure.

16

parts =

1 grain =

0.8 troy grains.

4

grains =

1 carat=

3.2 troy grains.

Household Measures

Nothing is more vague and inaccurate than such expressions as: "A cupful, a wineglass." An attempt has been made to reduce these measures to some scale. In these liquid measures, the glass is supposed to be filled ⅛ inch from the top. A "wineglass" is very apt to be a claret glass. If the diameter is 2¾ inches and the depth 2⅛ inches from rim to bottom, the glass will hold 3½ fl. oz. = 105 cubic centimeters. A sherry glass is also a common wine glass and is flaring. If its top is 2¼ inches in diameter it should hold 1½ fl. oz., or 45 cubic centimeters, A liquor glass, usually called a whiskey glass, varies greatly, but if 3 inches high and 2¼ inches in diameter and slightly flaring it holds 4 fl. oz., or 120 cubic centimeters. A cocktail glass is peculiar; the diameter of the "Union League" model is 2¼ inches, depth 1¾ inch, round flare, holds 2 fl. oz. = 60 cubic centimeters. A "liqueur" glass having a diameter of 1⅛ inches, 2⅛ inches deep, flaring sides, holds ⅔ of a fluid ounce, or 20 cubic centimeters. A straight-sided soda glass, 6¾ inches high by 2⅜ inches in diameter, holds 10 fl. oz., or 300 cubic centimeters. A 3/10 liter stein, 2⅞ inches in diameter and 3¾ inches deep, holds 10 fl. oz., or 300 cubic centimeters as ordinarily filled.

120

drops water

= 1 teaspoon

60

" thick fluid

= 1

60

" " "

= 1 oz.

2

teaspoons

= 1 dessert-spoon

3

"

= 1 tablespoon

16

tablespoons.

= 1 cup

1

cup

= 1 pint

1

" water

= ½lb.

4

tablespoons flour

= 1 oz.

2

tablespoons butter

= 1 "

3

teaspoons soda

= ½ "

4

" baking powder

= ½ "

2

cups granulated sugar.

= 1 lb.

2½

" confectioners' sugar.

= 1 "

2½

" wheat flour.

= 1 "

3⅓

" whole-wheat flour

= 1 "

2½

cups buckwheat flour

=1

lb.

5⅓

" coffee

= 1

"

6½

" tea

= 1

"

2

" rice

= 1

"

2

" lard

= 1

"

2

" butter

= 1

"

2

" graham flour

= 1

"

2

" rye flour

= 1

"

2

" corn meal.

= 1

"

2

" rolled oats

= 1

"

2

" powdered sugar

= 1

"

2

" brown

= 1

"

2

" raisins

= 1

"

2

" currants.

= 1

"

2

" bread crumbs.

= 1

"

9

eggs

= 1

"