Inventions.

Date.

Inventor.

Nativity.

Discoveries of electrical phenomena......................

1560 1 1603

William Gilbert

England

Won the title of "founder of the science of electricity."

Srew printing-press....................

1620

Spirally grooved rifle barrel.................

1620

Blaew

Germany

Iron furnaces............................................

1621

Koster

England

The use of steam..........................

1630

Lord Dudley

England

The first authentic reference in English literature to the use of steam in the arts.

David Ramseye

England

Bay Psalm Book, first book published in the

Colonies.............................................

1640

Mass.

Barometer.............................

1643

Torricelli

Italy

Steam engine, atmospheric pressure...............................

1663

Thomas Newcomen

England

Machine for generating electricity...........................

1681-6

Otto von Guericke

Germany

First paper mill in America.................

1690

William Rittenhouse

Penna.

First steam engine with a piston................................

1690

Denys Papin

France

The manufacture of plate glass established

1695

France

First to discover difference between electric conductors and insulators.......................................

1696 1736

Stephen Gray

England

The first practical application of the steam engine.........................................

1702

Thomas Savery

England

First newspaper in America, "Boston News Letter"................................

1704

John Campbell

Mass.

First to produce electric spark..............................

J 1708 1 1716

Dr. J. Wall

England

Inventions

Date.

Inventor.

Nativity.

Thermometer

1709

Fahrenheit

Danzig

Electrometer, the well-known pith ball

1718 1772

John Cantor

England

The "Franklin" printing-press

1725

Benjamin Franklin

Utd. States

Electrical glass plate machine

1727 1772

Martin de Planta

France

Stereotyping

1731

William Ged

Scotland

First to discover that electricity is of two kinds.

1733-9

Cisternay du Fay

France

Flying shuttle in weaving

1733

John Kay

England

Rotary 3-color printing-press (multi-color).. . .

1743

Platt & Keen

England

Electric or Leyden jar....................

1745

Kleist

Germany

Substitution of coke for coal in melting iron. . .

1750

Abraham Darby

England

Lightning conductor

1752

Benjamin Franklin

Utd States

Spinning jenny

1763

James Hargreaves

England

Pianoforte, played in public in England in ....

1767

England

Drawing rolls in a spinning machine

1769

Richard Arkwright

England

The introduction of the "Hollander" or beating engine for pulping rags in the manufacture of paper................

1773

The mule spinner

1774

Samuel Crampton

England

Cut nails.............

1775

Jeremiah Wilkinson

Utd. States

Circular wood saw

1777

Miller

England

Embryo bicycle

1779

Branchard & Magurier

France

Steam engine, the basis of the modern engine. .

1782

James Watt

Scotland

Gas balloon

1783

J. E. & J. M. Montgolfier

France

Puddling iron...........

1783-4

Henry Cort

England

Plow, with cast-iron mold board, and wroughtand cast-iron shares.........................

1784

James Small

Scotland

Power loom

1785

James Cartwright

England

First steamboat in the united states

1786

John Fitch

Utd. States

Steam road wagon (first automobile)

1787

Oliver Evans

Utd. States

Grain threshing machine

1788

Andrew Meikle

England

Hobby horse, forerunner of bicycle

1790

England

Rotary steam power printing-press, the first idea of............

1790

Wm. Nicholson

England

Wood planning machine

1791

Samuel Bentham

England

Gas first used as an illuminant

1792

Wm. Murdoch

England

Cotton gin..............

1794

Eli Whitney

Utd. States

Art of lithography

1796

Alois Senefelder

Germany

Machine for making continuous webs of paper.

1800

Louis Robert

France

Electric battery discovered

1800

Volta

Italy

Steam coach

1801

Richard Trevithick

England

Wood mortising machine...................

1801

M. J. Brunei

England

Pattern loom

1801

M. J. Jacquard

France

First fire-proof safe........................

1801

Richard Scott

England

Steamboat on the Clyde, "Charlotte Dundas".

1802

William Symington

England

First photographic experiments

1802

Wedgwood & Davy

England

Planing machine

1802

J. Bramah

England

The application of steam to the loon

1803

William Horrocks

England

Steel pen

1803

Wise

England

Steam locomotive on rails

1804

Richard Trevithick

England

Application of twin-screw propellers in steam navigation

1804

John Stevens

Utd. States

Process of making malleable-iron castings.....

1804

Lucas

England

First life preserver

1805

John Edwards

England

Electro-plating

1805

Luigi Brugnatelli

Italy

Knitting machine, the latch needle in the ....

1803

Jeandeau

France

Steamboat navigation on the Hudson River.. .

1807

Robert Fulton

Utd. States

Percussion or detonating compound........

1807

A. J. Forsyth

Scotland

First street gas lighting in England..........

1807

F. A. Winsor

England

Band wood saw

1808

Newberry

England

Voltaic arc...............

1808

Sir Humphry Davy

England

First steamboat to make a trip to sea, the "Phoenix"......................

1808

John Stevens

Utd. States

Multi-wire telegraphy.............

1809

Sommering

Germany

Revolving cylinder printing-press

1810

Frederick Koenig

Germany

Breech-loading shotgun............

1811

Thornton & Hall

Utd. States

Storage battery

1812

J. B. Ritter

Germany

Dry pile (prototype of dry battery)..........

1812

Zamboni

Italy

First practical steam rotary printing-press, paper printed on both sides.......................

1814

Frederick Koenig

Germany

Inventions.

Date.

Inventor.

Nativity.

First locomotive in United States

1814

George Stephenson

England

First circular wood saw made in this country

1814

Benjamin Cummings

Utd. States

Heliography

1814

Jos. N. Niepce

France

Kaleidoscope

1814

Sir David Brewster

England

Miners' safety lamp.

1815

Sir Humphry Davy

England

Dry gas meter.

1815

S. Clegg

England

Knitting machine

1816

Brunei.

England

"Draisine" bicycle

1816

Baron von Drais

Germany

"Columbian" press, elbowed pulling bar, number of impressions per hour, 50............

1817

George Clymer

Utd. States

Stethoscope

1819

Laennec

France

Electro-magnetism discovered

1819

H. C. Oersted

Germany

Lathe for turning irregular wood forms

1819

Thomas Blanchard

Utd. States

The theory of electro-dynamics first propounded

1820

Andre Ampere

France

Electroscope

1820

Bohenberg

Germany

The conversion of the electric current into mechanical motion.........................

1821

Michael Faraday

England

Galvanometer.

1822

Schweigger

Germany

Multi-color printing.

1822

P. Force

Utd. States

Calculating machine

1822

Charles Babbage.

England

Discovery of thermo-electricity

1823

Prof. Seebeck

England

Liquefaction and solidification of gas

1823

Michael Faraday

England

Water gas, discovery of

1823

Ibbetson

England

Portland cement

1825

Joseph Aspdin

England

Electro-magnet

1825

Sturgeon

England

First passenger railway, opened between Stockton and Darlington, England...............................

1825

Electrical spur wheel

1826

Barlow

England

First railroad in United States, near Quincy, Mass...................................

1826

The law of galvanic circuits formulated

1827

George S. Ohm

Germany

Friction matches

1827

John Walker

Utd. States

The reduction of aluminum

1827

Friedrich Wohler

Germany

Law of electrical resistance

1827

George S. Ohm

Germany

Improved rotary printing-press, London Times, 5,000 impressions per hour................

1827

Cowper & Applegarth

England

Hot air blast for iron furnaces

1828

J. B. Neilson

Scotland

Wood planing machine

1828

William Woodworth

Utd. States

Spool electro-magnet

1828

Joseph Henry

Utd. States

Tubular locomotive boiler

1828

Sequin

France

Spinning ring frame

1828

John Thorp

England

The "Washington" printing-press, lever motion and knuckle joint for a screw, number of impressions per hour, 200...............

1829

Samuel Rust

Utd. States

First steam locomotive in United States,

"Stourbridge Lion"...............................

1829

Double fluid galvanic battery

1829

A. C. Becquerel

France

First portable steam fire engine

1830

Brathwaite & Ericsson

England

Magneto-electric induction

1831

Michael Faraday

England

Chloroform

1831

G. J. Guthrie

Scotland

First conception of electric telegraph

1832

Prof. S. F. B. Morse

Utd. States

First magneto-electric machines

1832

Saxton

Utd. States

Rotary electric motor

1832

Wm. Sturgeon

England

Chloral-hydrate

1832

Justus von Liebig

Germany

Locomotive, "Old Ironsides," built

1832

M. W. Baldwin

Utd. States

Link-motion for locomotives

1832

Sir Henry James

England

Adoption of steam whistle for locomotives

1833

George Stephenson

England

Reciprocating saw-tooth cutter within double guard fingers for reapers...................................

1833

Obed Hussey

Utd. States

"McCormick" reaper

1834

Cyrus H. McCormick

Utd. States

Rotary electric motor

1834

M. H. Jacobi

Russia

Carbolic acid discovered

1834

Runge

Germany

Horseshoe machine

1835

H. Burden

Utd. States

Constant electric battery

1836

J. P. Daniell

England

Acetylene gas discovered

1836

Edmund Davy

England

The revolver; a device "for combining a number of long barrels so as to rotate upon a spindle by the act of cocking the hammer"..............

1836

Samuel Colt

Utd. States

The screw applied to steam navigation

1836 1841

John Ericsson

Utd. States

The galvanizing of iron

1837

Henry Craufurd

England

Inventions.

Date.

Inventor.

Nativity.

Indicator-telegraph

1837

Cooke & Wheatstone

England

Photographic carbon printing..............

1838

Mungo Ponton

France

Babbitt metal.............................

1839

Isaac Babbitt

Utd. States

Vulcanization of rubber....................

1839

Charles Goodyear

Utd. States

The first boat electrically propelled...................

1839

Jacobi

Germany

Daguerreotype............................

1839

Louis Daguerre

France

(First to produce a direct photographic positive in the camera by means of highly polished silver surfaced plate exposed to the vapors of iodine and subsequent development with mercury vapor.)

Making photo-prints from paper negatives.....

(First production of positive proofs from negatives.)

1839

Fox Talbot

England

Photographic portraits (Daguerreotype process)....................

1839

Profs. Draper & Morse

Utd. States

First incandescent electric lamp.............

1840

Grove

England

Celestial photography

1840

Draper

Utd. States

Artesian well.....................................

1840

Paris

Pneumatic caissons........................

1841

M Triger

France

Pianoforte automatically played............

1842

M. Seytre

France

Water gas, utilization of....................

1842

Selligne

France

Steam hammer...........................

1842

James Nasmyth

Scotland

Typewriting machine

1843

Charles Thurber

Utd. States

First telegram sent..........................

1844

Prof. S. F B. Morse

Utd. States

The use of nitrous oxide gas as an anaesthetic. .

1844

Dr. Horace Wells

Utd. States

The electric arc light (gas retort carbon in a vacuum)...........................

1844

Leon Foucault

France

First telegraphic message, Washington, Baltimore...........................................

1844

Prof. S. F B. Morse

Utd. States

Automatic adjustment of electric arc light carbons.........................................

1845

Thomas Wright

England

Double cylinder printing-press

1845

R. Hoe & Co.

Utd. States

Pneumatic tire...............................

1845

R. W. Thompson

England

Sewing machine

1846

Elias Howe

Utd. States

Printing telegraph

1846

House

Utd. States

Suez canal started

1846

De Lesseps

France

Ether as an anaesthetic

1846

Dr. Morton. .

Utd. States

Electric cautery

1846

Crusell

Russia

Artificial limbs...................

1846

Gun cotton...............................

1846

Schonbein

Germany

First pianoforte keyboard player

1846

Debain

France

Chloroform in surgery

1847

Dr. Simpson

Scotland

Nitro-glycerine

1847

Sobrero

Time-lock

1847

Savage

Utd. States

Hoe's lightning press, capable of printing 20,000 impressions per hour

1847

Richard M. Hoe

Utd. States

Match-making machinery

1848

A. L. Dennison

Utd. States

Breech gun-lock, interrupted thread

1849

Chambers

Utd. States

Magazine gun

1849

Walter Hunt.

Utd. States

Steam pressure gauge......................

1849

Bourdon

France

Lenticular stereoscope

1849

Sir David Brewster

England

Latch needle for knitting machine...........

1849

J. T. Hibbert

Utd. States

"Corliss" engine

1849

G. H. Corliss

Utd. States

Printing-press, curved plates secured to a rotating cylinder..........................

1849

Jacob Worms

France

Mercerized cotton

1850

John Mercer

England

Collodion process in photography

1850

Scott Archer

England

American machine-made watches...........

1850

Utd. States

Electric locomotive...................

1851

Dr Page

Utd. States

Self-raker for harvesters

1851

W. H. Seymour

Utd. States

Breech-loading rifle

1851

Maynard

Utd. States

Icemaking machine

1851

J. Gorrie

Utd. States

Ophthalmoscope

1851

Helmholtz

Germany

The Ruhmkorff coil...............

1851

Ruhmkorff

Germany

Fire-alarm telegraph

1852

Channing & Farmer

Utd. States

Reticulated screen for half-tone photographic printing............................

1852

Fox Talbot

England

Soda process of making pulp from wood......

1853

Watt & Burgess

Utd. States

Laws of magneto-electric induction

1853

Michael Faraday

England

Laws of electro-statics.............................

1853

Michael Faraday

England

Inventions.

Date.

Inventor.

Nativity.

Electrolysis

1853

Michael Faraday

England

Duplex telegraph

1853

Gintl

Austria

Photographic roll films

1854

Melhuish

England

Diamond rock drill

1854

Herman

Utd. States

Four-motion feed for sewing machines

1854

A. B. Wilson

Utd. States

Magazine firearm.

1854

Smith & Wesson

Utd. States

Fat decomposed by water or steam at high temperature, since largely used in soap making..

1854

R. A. Tilghman

Utd. States

Safety matches

1855

Lundstrom

Sweden

Iron-clad floating batteries first used in Crimean war..................................

1855

Cocaine

1855

Gaedeke

Germany

Process of making steel, blowing air through molten pig iron........................

1855

Sir Henry Bessemer

England

Dry plate photography

1855

Dr. J. M. Taupenot

Bicycle

1855

Ernst Michaux

France

Sleeping car

1856

Woodruff

Utd. States

Aniline dyes

1856

Perkins

England

Printing machine for the blind (contains elements of the present typewriting machine)..

1856

Alfred E. Beach

Utd. States

Regenerative furnace.

1856

Wm. Siemens

England

Refining engine in paper pulp making.

1856

T. Kingsland

Utd. States

Coal-oil first sold in the United States.

1857

Messrs. Stout & Hand

Utd. States

First sea-going iron-clad war vessel, the "Glorie"..............................

1857

France

Ground wood pulp

1858

Henry Voelter

Germany

Inclined elevator and platform in the reaper

1858

J. S Marsh

Utd. States

Cable car

1858

E. A. Gardner

Utd. States

Breech-loading ordnance.

1858

Wright & Gould

Utd. States

Feed injector for boilers

1858

Giffard

France

First Atlantic cable

1858

Cyrus Field

Utd. States

Great Eastern launched

1859

Storage or secondary battery

1860

Gaston Plante

France

Singing telephone

1860

Philip Reis

Germany

Ammonia absorption ice machine

1860

F P. E. Carre

France

Improved stereotyping process.

1861

Charles Craske

Utd. States

Shoe-sewing machine.

1861

George McKay

Utd. States

Driven well, a tube with a pointed perforated end driven into the ground.....................

1861

Col. N. W. Green

Utd. States

Passenger elevator

1861

E. G. Otis

Utd. States

Barbed-wire fence introduced.

1861

Utd. States

Calcium carbide produced

1862

Frederich Woehler

Germany

Revolving turret for floating battery

1862

Theodore Timby

Utd. States

First iron-clad steam battery, "Monitor"

1862

John Ericsson

Utd. States

Gatling gun

1862

Dr. R. J. Gatling

Utd. States

Smokeless gunpowder

1863

J. F. E. Schultze

Prussia

Pneumatic pianoforte player (regarded as first to strike keys by pneumatic pockets)...............

1863

M. Fourneaux

France

Explosive gelatine

1864

A. Nobel

France

Rubber dental plate

1864

J. A. Cummings

Utd. States

Automatic grain-binding device

1864

Jacob Behel

Utd. States

Process of making fine steel

1865

Martin

Utd. States

Antiseptic surgery

1865

Sir Joseph Lister

England

Web-feeding printing-press

1865

William Bullock

Utd. States

Automatic shell ejector for revolver

1865

W C. Dodge

Utd. States

Open-hearth steel process

1866

Siemens-Martin

England

Compressed air rock drill

1866

C. Burleigh.

Utd. States

Torpedo

1866

Whitehead

Utd. States

Dynamo electric machine

1866

Wilde

England

Sulphite process for making paper pulp from wood................................

1867

Tilghman

Utd. States

Dynamo electric machine

1866

Siemens

Germany

Disappearing gun carriage

1868

Moncrief

England

First practical typewriting machine

1868

C. L. Sholes

Utd. States

Dynamite

1868

A. Nobel

France

Oleomargarine

1868

H. Mege

France

Water heater for steam fire engine

1868

W. A. Brickell

Utd. States

Sulky plow

1868

B. Slusser

Utd. States

Railway air-brake

1869

George Westinghouse

Utd. States

Tunnel shield (operated by hydraulic power)

1869

Alfred E. Beach

Utd. States

A curved spring tooth harrow

1869

David L. Garver

Utd. States

Inventions.

Date.

Inventor.

Nativity.

Dynamo-eletric machine......................................

1870

Gramme

France

Celluloid...................................

1870

J. W. & Isaac Hyatt

Utd. States

Rebounding gun-lock.............................

1870

L. Hailer

Utd. States

The Goodyear welt shoe-sewing machine...................

1871

Goodyear

Utd. States

Photographic gelatino-bromide emulsion (basis of present rapid photography)............................

1871

R. L. Maddox

England

Continuous web printing-press...................

1871

Hoe & Tucker

Utd. States

Grain binder.........................

1871

S. D. Locke

Utd. States

Compressed air rock drill

1871

S. Ingersoll

Utd. States

Positive motion weaving loom......................

1872

J. Lyall

Utd. States

Theory that light is an electric phenomenon............

1872

Clerk Maxwell

England

Automatic air brake..................

1872

George Westinghouse

Utd. States

Automatic car coupler..................

1873

E. H. Janney

Utd. States

The photographic platinotype process..................................

1873

Willis

England

(Prints by this process are permanent.)

Quadruobx telegraph

1873

T. A. Edison

Utd. States

Twine binder for harvesters

1873

M. L. Gorham

Utd. States

Gelatino-bromide photographic emulsion (sensitiveness to light greatly increased by the application of heat)..................................

1873

Charles Bennett

England

Self-binding reaper

1873

Locke & Wood

Utd. States

Barbed-wire machine

1874

Glidden & Vaughan

Utd. States

Siphon recorder for submarine telegraphs

1874

Sir William Thompson

England

Store cash carrier

1875

D. Brown

Utd. States

Illuminating water gas

1875

T. S. C. Lowe

Utd. States

Roller flour mills.

1875

F. Wegmann

Utd. States

Middlings purifier for flour

1875

Geo. T. Smith

Utd. States

Ice-making machine

1875

R. P. Pictet

Switzerland

Sneaking telephone

1876

Alex. G. Bell

Utd. States

Electric candle...................................

1876

Paul Jablochkoff

Russia

(The first step towards the division of the electric current for lighting.)

Continuous machine for making tobacco cigarettes...........................

1876

Russell

Utd. States

Steam feed saw mills.

1876

D. C. Prescott

Utd. States

The first Portland cement plant in U. S...................

1876

Coplay, Pa.

Phonograph

1877

T. A. Edison

Utd. States

Gas engine

1877

N. A. Otto

Utd. States

Carbon microphone

1877

T. A. Edison

Utd. States

Telephone transmitter of variable resistance

1877

Emil Berliner

Utd. States

Carbon filament for electric lamp..........................

1878

T. A. Edison

Utd. States

(Beginning of the incandescent vacuum electric light.)

Rotary disk cultivator

1878

Mallon

Utd. States

Decided advance in the "expression" of selfplaying pianofortes............................

1878

Gaily

Utd. States

Automatic grain binder

1879

J. F. Appleby

Utd. States

Cathode rays discovered

1879

Sir Wm. Crookes

England

Electric railway

1879

Siemens

Germany

Steam plow

1879

W. Foy

Utd. States

Magazine rifle

1879

Lee

Utd. States

"Blake" telephone transmitter

1880

Blake

Utd. States

Hammerless gun

1880

Greener

Utd. States

Storage battery or accumulator

1880

Camille A. Faure

France

Typhoid bacillus isolated

1880

Eberth & Koch

Germany

Pneumonia bacillus isolated

1880

Sternberg

Utd. States

Button-hole machine

1881

Reece

Utd. States

Improvement in "expression" of self-playing pianofortes.................................

1882

Schmaele

Utd. States

Hand photographic camera for plates

1881

Wm. Schmid

Utd. States

Tuberculosis bacillus isolated

1882

Robert Koch

Germany

Hydrophobia bacillus isolated.

1882

Louis Pasteur

France

Cholera bacillus isolated

1884

Robert Koch

Germany

Diphtheria bacillus isolated

1884

Loefner

Germany

Lockjaw bacillus isolated

1884

Nicolaier

France

Antipyrene

1884

Kuno

Utd. States

Linotype machine.

1884

Ottmar Mergenthaler

Germany

The rear-driven chain safety bicycle

1884

George W. Marble

Utd. States

Chrome tanning of leather

1884

Schultz

Utd. States

Process of reducing aluminum

1885

Cowles

England

Gas burner

1885

Carl Welsbach

Germany

Inventions.

Date.

Inventor.

Nativity.

Hydraulic dredge..........................

1885

Bowers

Utd. States

First electric railway in United States, Hampden and Baltimore, Md...................

1885

Contact device for overhead electric trolley. . .

1885

C. J. Van Depoele

Utd. States

Graphophone

1886

Bell & Tainter

Utd. States

Electric welding

1886

Elihu Thompson

Utd. States

Combined harvester and thresher

1886

Matteson

Utd. States

Band wood saw

1887

D. C. Prescott

Utd. States

Cyanide process of obtaining gold and silver. .

1887

McArthur A Forrest

Utd. States

System of polyphase electric currents

1887

Nicola Tesla

Utd. States

Incandescent gas light............................

1887

Carl A. Von Welsbach

Austria

(The formation of a cone-shaped interwoven mantle of thread coated with a refractory rare earth and rendering the same incandescent by the heat rays of a Bunsen gas burner regardless of how the gas is produced.)

Process of annealing armor plate

1888

Harvey

Utd. States

"Kodak" snap-shot camera

1888

Eastman & Walker

Utd. States

(Constructed to use a continuous sensitized ribbon film.)

Process of making artificial silk

1888

H. DeChardonnet

France

Hertzian waves or electric-wave radiation....

1888

Heinrich Hertz

Germany

First rotary cement kilns in U. S............

1889

Coplay, Pa.

Nickel steel

1889

Schneider

Utd. States

Process for making aluminium

1889

Chas. M. Hall

Utd. States

Electric plow..................................................

1890

W. Stephens

Utd. States

Improved linotype machine

1890

Ottmar Mergenthaler

Germany

Bicycles equipped with pneumatic tires

1890

Krag-Jorgensen magazine rifle

1890

Krag-Jorgensen

Utd. States

"Coherer" for receiving electric waves.......

1891

Edouard Branly

England

Rotary steam turbine

1891

C. A. Parsons

England

Cement-lined paper-pulp digester

1891

G. F. Russell

Utd. States

Round bale cotton press

1891

Brown

Utd. States

Microphone...............................

1891

Emile Berliner

Utd. States

Power loom...............................

1891

Northrup

Utd. States

Commercial application of formic-aldehyde. . .

1892

J. J. A. Trillat

France

Shoe-last lathe, for different lengths..................

1893

Kimball

Utd. States

Kinetoscope................................

1893

T. A. Edison

Utd. States

Process for making carborundum

1893

E. G. Acheson

Utd. States

Calcium carbide produced in electric furnace. .

1893

Thos. L. Willson

Utd. States

Process for liquefying air............................

1895

Carl Linde

Germany

Electric locomotive, B. & O. Bell Tunnel...........

1895

Utd. States

X-rays...............................

1895

Prof. W. C. Roentgen

Germany

Acetylene gas from calcium carbide..........

1895

Thomas L. Willson

Utd. States

System of wireless telegraphy...............

1896

G. Marconi

Italy

Foundation laid of science of radio-activity, i.e., emanation of penetrating rays from luminescent bodies........................

1896

Henri Becquerel

France

Use of ultra-violet rays in treating diseases. . .

1896

Niels R. Finsen

Denmark

Nernst electric light

1897

Walter Nernst

Germany

(Method of rendering a clay compound capable of conducting electricity and thence becoming brilliantly incandescent without a vacuum.)

Mercury vapor electric light............................

1900

Peter Cooper Hewitt

Utd. States

(An artificial light composed strictly of the ultra-blue violet rays of the spectrum obtained by passing an electric current through a partial vacuum tube filled with mercury vapor, the latter acting as a conductor. Possesses remarkable actinic power for photographic purposes.)

Air-ship......................

1901

M. Santos-Dumont

France

Automobile mower........................................

1901

Deering Harvester Co

Utd. States

The first passenger steam turbine ship, "Edward VII."............................

1901

Denny & Brothers

England

The first oil-burning steamship built in the

United States "Nevada"

1902

English Pacific cable, Canada-Australia.....................

1902

American Pacific cable.....................

1903

Utd. States

Berlin-Zossen Road, 130 1/2 miles an hour.......

1903

Germany