Mr. Townsend remarked that there was a great misapprehension among tree-planters as to these terms. Calls a standard tree a plant growing upon a seedling stock of a variety where the plant will, when full-grown, make one of its own kind. Calls a dwarf a tree from a bud inserted into a plant which is analogous in species, but of a diminutive growth.

Several members spoke very briefly.

H. E. Hooker thought the term " dwarfing" was applied to the working of a scion upon a stock, which tended to produce diminutive growth, and thus tended to fruitfulness, and to increased size of the fruit. In the Pear this effect was produced by working upon the Quince as a stock. There are other terms which result from other causes; as, for instance, a tree of any species, or working, or size, may be rendered "pyramidal" by suitable pruning. In the Pear we call a standard tree one which is worked upon the Pear, or standard stock. Working Apple scions upon Paradise stock induces a diminutive growth. Working Cherry upon Ma-haleb induces a growth not so much dwarfish, and I think there is some impropriety in applying the term dwarf to that. Working Plum upon the wild Plum stock produces a tree somewhat dwarfish. Simply pruning a tree low does not thereby render it a dwarf tree, because such pruning does not tend to the diminutive growth or increased fruitfulness I have spoken of, Mr. Bloss, of Monroe county, understood by the term "dwarf" a tree worked upon a shrub, or upon that which partakes of a shrub in its character, and thus the tree becomes divided in its character between the tree and the shrub.

Mr. Ellwanger differed. Tall trees are called standards always, and of old times, no matter how or on what they are grown. Dwarf means bushy, no matter what cause has rendered them bushy.

Dr. Bristol, of Livingston county, on the other hand, thought that, for instance in the Pear, a dwarf means the tree worked upon the Quince stock, and asked, " If a nurseryman gets an order for a hundred dwarf Pear-trees, what would he put up? Would it be merely a large tree cut down low? or would it be, as I have said, trees from Pear scions worked upon Quince stocks?" Trees (in grounds) which are kept to produce samples of varieties of fruits are " specimen" trees, and are not necessarily standard trees.

Mr. barber thought we ought to have these arbitrary terms settled and made clear, so that all persons should understand the terms alike. A standard tree is a tree worked upon a similar stock; while a dwarf grows from a scion worked upon a similar variety, or species, of stock, but which is, in fact, a dissimilar stock. You may make a tree grow dwarf by cultivation and pruning, even as the Chinese dwarf the sturdy oak; but these are exceptions.

After remarks to the same intent from Messrs. Smith, Fish, and Herendeen, the Society passed to: