Mr. Hodge said, if trees were healthy and vigorous, it would be wise to graft; if old and sickly, it would be much better to cut them down, and plant out young trees. Some years since, a gentleman in his neighborhood wished him to send men to graft an old orchard on his place. Mr. H. advised him to cut down his old trees and plant a young orchard. He found some itinerant grafters that did the work. In three years, he was so sick of the operation that he cut the whole down, and planted young trees. If the ground is well prepared by thorough, deep ploughing and manuring, and the trees well cultivated, young trees will bear so early as to astonish those who plant. In 1848, he furnished a gentleman with one hundred apple-trees. From these trees, in the fall of 1854, were picked one hundred and twenty barrels of apples. They were mostly Baldwins and Greenings. Two Baldwin trees bore three barrels each.

Mr. Barber, of Ontario Co., had considerable experience in grafting old orchards. He did not graft in the tops of trees, but cut off large limbs six or ten inches in diameter, or more. Then put in good, strong scions, of some quick growing varieties, all around the limb, as thick as they can set, about an iuch apart. This must be done before the sap starts. These scions grow and form a lip all around the limb of the tree, and the more feeble of these scions can be cut away. Trees treated in this way, had produced three barrels the third year. Had grafted Apple-trees in this manner that had been broken off, leaving nothing but a stump, and Pear-frees that had lost the entire head by blight, and never failed to get a good top. If the grafting was done early, a lot of shoots would soon appear, and furnish leaves enough to elaborate the sap.

Mr. Hooker had pursued a similar method with Pear-trees destroyed with blight, and with success. Also, with Apple-trees in a few cases. The wood of the large limb became discolored, and showed signs of decay.

Benjamin Fish thought there was no general rule for grafting old trees. If a tree had been well pruned and well cared for, it could be grafted with success; but as farmers generally treat their trees, pruning them with an axe, they become diseased, and when a large limb of such a tree is grafted, the wood decays, and the tree becomes hollow and worthless.

T. C. Maxwell said there were a number of old Apple-trees near Geneva, planted in the olden time by the Indians. These trees were cut down by Gen. Sullivan. They show signs of this, as many of them have two trunks. These trees were grafted fifteen years since, and are now profitable trees.

Mr. Barry thought Mr. Barber showed some knowledge of vegetable physiology in his remarks. He was opposed, however, to grafting old trees, when in a state of decline, except in special cases - as when a person takes possession of a farm destitute of good fruit, with a few old Apple-trees growing. In such a case, it would be well to graft, so as to have fruit enough for family use as quick as possible.

Mr. Barry said that the growing of Winter Pears was yet a new business. Winter Pears could be grown as easily as Fall Pears - the only difference is the trouble of keeping the Winter Pears until they ripen. Most of the winter varieties will keep and ripen in barrels in the cellar, as easily as Apples. He had been surprised to find how little care and trouble they required. The Easter Buerr'e, Lawrence, and Vicar of Winkfield, may be grown and ripened here aa easily as Baldwin Apples.

At this stage of the meeting, Mr. Barry presented to the Convention a fine dish of Easter Beurr'e Pears, kept in a barrel in the cellar until taken out to bring to the meeting.

Mr. Hodge observed, that in selecting Pears for market culture, it was important not only to get Pears of good quality, but those that bear large crops. As to making Pear culture pay, there could be no question about that A Pear-tree in Mr. H.'s vicinity, bore forty bushels last season, and another, belonging to his brother, bore twenty bushels, which were sold at $2 per bushel. This was an inferior variety.

Mr. Hooker found Winter Pears quite variable as to quality. Had no trouble in ripening them - the trouble was to grow them good. If well grown, they would ripen well.

Mr. Barry observed that trees of Winter Pears did not'bear fine fruit until they attained some age. The Glout Morceau did not bear fine fruit, even on the quince, until eight or ten years old. Winter Pears must be well grown. Imperfect, poor specimens will never ripen.

A small, but very fine exhibition of Winter Fruit, was made by several members of the Society. - Rural New Yorker.