This, with its sub-groups, is an interesting group. The division of seasons in these groups is merely relative and is made for the purpose of obtaining some relationship in the succession of bloom throughout the growing season. Many perennials in these groups lap over from one group into the other, but for convenience of reference they are listed only in the season during which they are at their height of bloom. The subdivisions into colours of flowers, as a matter of easy reference, will prove valuable as a check on one's memory and a saving of time in being able to readily select flowers for varying colour effects at different seasons.

a. Perennials for spring - purple, lavender, or blue flowers:

Ajuga genevensis

Erect Bugle Anchusa italica

Italian Alkanet Aquilegia caerulea hybrida

Rocky Mountain Columbine Aubrietia deltoidea graeca

Grecian Purple Rock Cress Iris cristata

Crested Iris Iris germanica hybrids

German Iris

Iris pumila azurea European Dwarf Iris

Iris versicolor Dwarf Blue Flag

Linum perenne Perennial Flax

Mertensia virginica Bluebell

Myosotis palustris semperflorens Forget-me-not

Polemonium reptans Greek Valerian

Primula denticulata Himalayan Primrose

Saxifraga cordifolia

Saxifrage Tradeseantia

Spiderwort Veronica incana

Hoary Speedwell Vinca minor

Periwinkle

Viola cornuta Tufted Pansy

Viola odorata Scented Violet b. Perennials for spring - white flowers:

Anemone pennsylvanica Canadian Windflower

Anemone sylvestris Snowdrop Windflower

Aquilegia nivea grandiflora White Columbine

Arabis albida Rock Cress

Plate XXXII. In the permanent planting no flowering tree or shrub deserves more favourable consideration than the fine type of Scheidecker's semi-double rose-flowering crab illustrated above. (See page 251)

Plate XXXIII. As a specimen flowering plant for early spring effect, the Japanese weeping rose-flowered cherry is extremely interesting covered, always before the leaves appear, with an abundance of rose-pink flowers. (See page 154, group XIX-A)

Arabis alpina

Alpine Rock Cress Armeria maritima alba

White Sea Thrift

Cerastium tomentosum Snow-in-summer

Convallaria majalis Lily-of-the-valley

Dianthus plumarius Scotch Pink

Helleborus niger Christmas Rose

Iberis sempervirens Evergreen Candytuft

Paeonia officinalis alba

Old-fashioned Peony Paeonia suffruticosa

Tree Peony Phlox subulata alba

White Ground Pink Sanguinaria canadensis

Bloodroot

Stellaria holostea Starwort

Thalictrum aquilegijolium

Meadow-rue Trillium grandiflorum

Large-flowered Wake Robin

Viola cornuta alba Horned Violet c. Perennials for spring - pink to crimson flowers:

Aquilegia canadensis

American Columbine Aquilegia formosa hybrida

California Hybrid Columbine Aquilegia hybrida Rose Queen

Hybrid Pink Columbine

Armeria maritima laucheana Lauch's Sea Thrift

Bellis perennis English Daisy

Dianthus deltoides Maiden Pink

Dianthus plumarius Scotch Pink

Dicentra spectabilis Bleeding Heart

Geranium sanguineum Crane's Bill

Geum coccineum Avens

Heuchera sanguinea

Coral-bells Iris germanica Queen of May

Pink German Iris Paeonia officinalis

Old-fashioned Red Peony

Paeonia suffruticosa Tree Peony

Paeonia tenuifolia Fennel-leaved Peony

Phlox stolonifera Creeping Phlox

Phlox subulata Moss Pink

Primula japonica Japanese Primrose

Saponaria ocymoides Rock Soapwort d. Perennials for spring - yellow to orange flowers:

Adonis vernalis Pheasant's Eye

Alyssum saxatile Golden Tuft

Aquilegia chrysantha Gold-spurred Columbine

Baptisia tinctoria Yellow False Indigo

Doronicum excelsum Leopard's Bane

Geum heldreichi

Orange Avenas Helianthemum croceum

Rock Rose

Iris germanica flavescens German Iris

Iris pseudacorus Yellow Water Flag

Iris pumila hybrida European Dwarf Iris

Primula veris English Cowslip

Trollius europaeus Globe-flower

Viola cornuta lutea

Yellow Horned Violet e. Perennials for summer - purple, lavender, or blue flowers:

Baptisia australis Blue Indigo

Campanula carpatica Carpathian Harebell

Campanula medium Canterbury Bells

Campanula persicifolia Peach-leaved Harebell

Campanula pyramidalis Chimney Bell-flower

Centaurea montana Mountain Bluet

Clematis davidiana David's Clematis

Delphinium (in variety) Larkspur

Echinops ritro Globe Thistle

Eryngium amethystinum Amethyst Sea Holly

Funkia caerulea Blue Plantaih Lily

Funkia fortunei

Fortune's Plantain Lily

Funkia lancifolia

Spear-leaved Plantain Lily

Funkia sieboldiana

Siebold's Plantain Lily

Iris kaempferi

Japanese Iris Iris pallida dalmatica

Dalmatian Iris

Iris sibirica Siberian Iris

Lobelia syphilitica

Blue Cardinal Flower Lupinus polyphyllus

Perennial Lupin

Phlox paniculata variety Crepuscule variety Esperance variety Blue Hill (royal purple) variety Le Mahdi variety Antoine Mercie Garden Phlox

Platycodon grandiflorum Balloon Flower

Scabiosa caucasica Mourning Bride

Statice latifolia

Broad-leaved Sea Lavender Stokesia cyanea

Stokes' Aster

Veronica longifolia subsessilis

Japanese Speedwell Veronica spicata

Spike-flowered Speedwell

/. Perennials for summer - white flowers:

Achillea boule de neige Ball of Snow

Althaea rosea alba Hollyhock

Artemisia lactiflora Southernwood

Aruncus Sylvester Goat's Beard

Astilbe japonica Japanese Astilbe

Bocconia cordata Plume Poppy

Campanula carpatica alba Carpathian Harebell

Campanula medium calycanthema alba Canterbury Bell

Campanula persicifolia alba Peach-leaved Harebell

Campanula pyramidalis alba Chimney Bell-flower

Chrysanthemum shasta daisy

Shasta Daisy Clematis recta

Herbaceous Clematis

Delphinium grandiflorum album Chinese Larkspur

Dianthus barbatus - white

Sweet William Dictamnus fraxinella alba

Gas Plant Filipendula hexapetala flore pleno

Dropwort Funkia subcordata grandiflora

Large-flowered Plantain Lily Gypsophila paniculata

Baby's Breath

Iris kaempferi - white Japanese Iris

Iris sibirica Snow Queen Siberian Iris

Paeonia albiflora sinensis (in variety) Chinese Peony

Papaver orientale - white Oriental Poppy

Phlox paniculata (in variety) Garden Phlox

Phlox suflruticosa Miss Lingard

Early-flowering Phlox Sidalcea Candida

Sidalcea Yucca filamentosa

Adam's Needle g. Perennials for summer - pink to crimson flowers:

Althaea rosea

Hollyhock Astilbe davidi

David's Spirea Campanula medium - pink

Canterbury Bells

Dianthus barbatus

Sweet William Dicentra eximia

Wild Bleeding Heart

Dictamnus fraxinella Gas Plant

Digitalis purpurea rosea

Pink Foxglove Lobelia cardinalis

Cardinal Flower

Lychnis chalcedonica Maltese Cross

Lychnis coronaria Mullein Pink

Lychnis viscaria splendens Ragged Robin

Lythrum salicaria roseum superbum

Pink Loose-strife Monarda didyma

Bergamot

Paeonia albiflora sinensis

Chinese Peony Papaver orientale (in variety)

Oriental Poppy Pentstemon barbatus

Bearded Pentstemon

Phlox paniculata (in variety) Garden Phlox

Physostegia virginiana False Dragon Head

Pyrethrum roseum Painted Daisy h. Perennials for summer - yellow to orange flowers:

Achillea tomentosa Yellow Milfoil

Althaea rosea - yellow

Hollyhock Anthemis tinctoria kelwayi

Hardy Marguerite Centaurea macrocephala

Knapweed

Cephalaria tatarica

Giant Scabiosa Coreopsis grandiflora

Tickseed

Coreopsis lanceolata Lance-leaved Tickseed

Digitalis grandiflora Yellow Foxglove

Gaillardia aristata Blanket Flower

Helianthus (in variety) Hardy Sun-flower

Heliopsis (in variety)

Ox-eye Daisy Hemerocallis (in variety)

Day Lily

Hypericum moserianum Gold-flower

Oenothera missouriensis Missouri Primrose

Rudbeckia (in variety) Cone-flower

Thalictrum adiantifolium Maidenhair Thalictrum

Thermopsis caroliniana False Lupine i. Perennials for autumn - purple, lavender, or blue flowers:

Aconitum (in variety) Monkshood

Aster - Hardy varieties Climax - Blue Edward VII - Blue Ed Beckett - Blue Feltham's Blue novae-angliae - Violet tartaricus - Violet (Last to bloom)

Caryopteris incana (treat as a perennial) Blue Spirea

Ceratostigma plumbaginoides

Leadwort Eupatorium coelestinum

Mist Flower

Salvia azurea grandiflora

Blue Salvia Statice latifolia

Broad-leaved Sea Lavender j. Perennials for autumn - white flowers:

Anemone japonica Japanese Windflower

Artemisia lactiflora Southernwood

Aster (in variety) Hardy Aster

Boltonia asteroides Aster-like Boltonia

Caryopteris incana Candida (treat as a perennial) Blue Spirea

Chrysanthemum (in variety) Hardy Chrysanthemum

Eupatorium ageratoides White Snakeroot

Hibiscus moscheutos Swamp Mallow

Sedum (in variety) Stonecrop k. Perennials for autumn - pink to crimson flowers:

Anemone japonica - pink Japanese Windflower

Aster (in variety) Perry's Favorite St. Egwin novae-angliae rubra Perry's Pink

Boltonia latisquama Broad-scaled Boltonia

Chrysanthemum (in variety) Hardy Chrysanthemum

Hibiscus moscheutos Swamp Mallow

Kniphofia uvaria Red-hot Poker Plant

Sedum (in variety) Stonecrop l. Perennials for autumn - yellow to orange flowers:

Chrysanthemum (in variety) Hardy Chrysanthemum

Helenium autumnale Yellow Sneezeweed

Helenium Riverton Beauty Yellow Sneezeweed

Kniphofia pfitzeri Red-hot Poker Plant

Solidago (in variety) Goldenrod