Yard-standing

Yard-sitting

Reach-standing

2 (double) Arm-lifting and -lowering (to horizontal plane).

Yard-standing and Reach-standing 2 Arm-lifting are free movements.

Yard-sitting 2 Arm-lifting and -downpressing (Fig. 80). - Usually given as a resistance exercise. The gymnast stands behind the patient, whose back he supports with one knee or in some other way, while he grasps the patient's supinated hands at the wrists. The patient carries the arms up to stretch position against the resistance of the gymnast, who then presses them down to the starting position against the resistance of the patient. Repeated three to five times.

Fig. 80.

The working muscles are : -

Serr. Magn., Trapezius, and Deltoid; they work concentrically and eccentrically in shortening (i.e., in the inner part of the range of movement).

Effects And Uses

Chiefly similar to Arm-carrying-outward-forward, but the muscles are more taxed and the thorax expanded more strongly, especially the lower part.