The various milk mixtures are often Pasteurized, the method being the same as for pure milk.

Childhood. - Children who have cut their milk teeth may be fed for a twelvemonth - namely, up to the age of three and a half years - as follows:

First meal, 7 a.m. - One or two tumblerfuls of milk, a saucer of thoroughly cooked oatmeal or wheaten grits with cream and salt, and a slice or two of bread and butter.

Second meal, 11 a.m. (if hungry). - A tumblerful of milk or a teacupful of broth with a biscuit.

Third meal, 2 p.m. - A slice of underdone roast beef or mutton, or roast chicken or turkey, minced as fine as possible; a baked potato thoroughly mashed with a fork and moistened with gravy, or one well-cooked green vegetable, as spinach, young peas mashed with a fork, or stewed celery, and bread and butter; a saucer of junket or rice-and-milk pudding.

Fourth meal, 7 p.m. - A tumblerful of milk and one or two slices of well-moistened milk toast.

Orange-juice, apple scraped with a spoon, ripe peaches, and cooked fruit not oversweetened, may be allowed, especially if there be a tendency to constipation.

From three and one-half years up the child must take his meals at the table with his parents, or with some reliable attendant who will see that he eats leisurely. The heaviest meat must be given at midday, the supper must always be light, plenty of water should be taken between meals and but little with food, and in some delicate children, up to the eighth year, a glass of milk may be allowed between breakfast and dinner. The food, while plain, must be varied, and may be selected from the following articles:

Milk. - Quantity required, from one and a half to two pints daily, including what the child drinks and takes with cereals and in cooked food. It must be clean and fresh, not overrich in fat; cream to be used sparingly. Milk must not be given with dinner, or when acid fruits are eaten. Butter, fresh and preferably unsalted, in moderate quantities and on bread.

Cereals. - Coarse ground cereals are best, oatmeal, cracked wheat, hominy grits; these must be soaked overnight, and cooked for three hours in a double boiler. The prepared flours, corn starch, arrow-root, barley, must be cooked at least half an hour. Serve with cream, or milk and cream, and salt; sugar as little as possible, one-half teaspoonful at most, no syrup, or butter and sugar. Never give ready-to-serve cereals.

Eggs. - Best with breakfast. Should be fresh and lightly and plainly cooked, soft boiled, poached, coddled, scrambled or plain omelet.

Meat. - Give at mid-day meal. Should be broiled or roasted, never fried; and either scraped or cut up very fine. Choose chicken, lamb, mutton chops, tender beefsteak or roast beef. Avoid ham, sausage, pork (bacon may be taken), liver, kidney, cold storage or hung game and all dried or salted meats. Dish gravy from roast beef or beefsteak good, but made gravies are to be forbidden.

Fish. - Must be fresh and boiled or baked, never fried. Those that are delicate, i.e., free from oil with firm short fibered flesh should be selected, as bass, perch, trout, flounder, sole, white fish. Avoid shad, smelts, salmon, cod, mackerel and halibut. Oysters can be given, using the soft parts only, lightly and plainly stewed. Other shell-fish forbidden.

Vegetables. - White potato, baked or boiled and mashed, is the first vegetable to be given, serve with roast beef gravy or cream, not butter. Baked sweet potato may be given later. Best green vegetables are peas, spinach, asparagus tips, string-beans, celery (stewed), young beets or carrots, squash. As age advances onions (boiled), turnips, cauliflower and tomato (baked). Canned peas and asparagus tips can be used. Avoid corn, lima beans (except when very young and tender), cabbage, eggplant, and raw vegetables, as celery, radishes, onion or cucumber. All green vegetables must be thoroughly cooked, mashed and strained through a coarse sieve. The appearance of small particles of vegetable matter in the bowel evacuations does not mean a discontinuance of the vegetable, but simply its longer cooking and finer mashing and straining.

Soups. - Meat broths better for children than vegetables, though after the eighth year purees of peas, spinach, celery or asparagus may be used. Of the meat broths, mutton and chicken are the best, these may be given plain or thickened with rice or barley, and the time to serve them is at the mid-day meal.

Bread. - The best are ordinary wheat, bran or whole-wheat bread; stale, cut thin and newly dried crisp in the oven. Oatmeal, graham or whole-wheat crackers, unsweetened Zwieback, and corn bread, split and dried crisp or toasted are to be given for variety. Fresh bread, hot bread and fresh rolls must be avoided. As to cake, stale sponge cake or lady-fingers only are allowable, and never fresh sweet cakes, especially those that are iced or contain dried fruit. Buck-wheat and other griddle cakes also come under the ban.

Desserts. - Junket, plain rice-and-milk pudding, a simple custard, and once a week a little vanilla or chocolate ice cream are the only made desserts to be allowed during childhood. Never give even a taste of pie, tart or pastry, jam, preserved fruits, nuts, candy or dried fruits.

Fruits. - These are dietetically important and should be begun in infancy, as they have a particularly good effect in maintaining the activity of the bowels. They should be carefully selected and used in moderation, especially with city children and in hot weather. Up to the sixth year, cooked fruit, and fruit juices are given. The best cooked fruits are apples, baked or stewed, and stewed prunes and peaches, little sugar being used. Of fruit juices, that from fresh sweet oranges is to be preferred, but the fresh juice of grape-fruit, grapes, peaches and pineapple may be used. The pulp of oranges and grape-fruit must not be given, but that from apples, obtained by scraping with a spoon, is very useful. Older children may eat oranges, grape-fruit, peaches, plums, apples, pears, grapes, very ripe cherries, cantaloupes, and, sometimes, strawberries, but the other fruits with small seeds, had best be avoided, so also watermelon and apricots. Whether bananas can be given is a matter of trial, some children being able to eat them with advantage, others quite the reverse. Fruit, especially if acid, should not be eaten close to a meal at which milk is taken. If its laxative effect be desired, and in infants, fruit juice is best given before the first meal in the morning, or midway between two of the earlier feedings. In older children fruit is usually eaten as a dessert after the midday meal, though cooked fruit may be perfectly safely taken with the supper, which it serves well to fill out. Children should eat fruit with the least possible sugar, and, always, without milk or cream, and must abandon it entirely should it produce looseness of the bowels with mucous evacuations and abdominal pain. Drink. - Water only during earlier childhood, later cocoa made almost entirely of hot milk. Never tea, coffee, wine, beer or other alcoholic beverage, in any form or smallest quantity.