These contain phosphorus in a finely divided state, to which it is reduced by agitating it in some warm solution of gum or glue, then adding the other ingredients, so as to form a paste, into which the wood or card is dipped. It is said that urine and artificial urea have the property of readily dividing phosphorus when warmed and agitated together. The following are some of the published recipes:

1. Form 6 parts of glue into a smooth jelly, and rub with it 4 parts of phosphorus, at a temperature of 140° or 150° F.; add 10 parts of nitre, 5 of red-ochre, and 2 of fine smalts. The matches are first dipped in melted wax to the depth of 1/10th of an inch, first rubbing their ends on a hot iron plate.

2. Noiseless Congreves. Triturate 9 parts of phosphorus with a solution of 16 parts of gum, and add 14 parts of nitre and 16 of vermilion. - Dr. Boettger.

3. Glue 6 parts, phosphorus 4, nitre 10, red lead 5, smalts 2; the glue is soaked in water for 24 hours, then liquefied in a warm mortar, and the phosphorus added, taking care that the temperature is not above 167° F.

4. Glue 21, phosphorus 17, nitre 38, red lead 24: proceed as before.