Karl Ferdinand Gutzkow , a German author, born in Berlin, March 17, 1811. While studying theology and philosophy at the university, he published in 1831 Forum der Journallitera-tur. His next work was a novel, Maha Guru, Geschichte eines Gottes (1833). He became associated as a journalist with W. Menzel at Stuttgart, and published Novellen (2 vols., 1834), and Soireen and Oeffentliche Charaktere (1835). His drama Nero, his preface to Schlei-ermacher's letters on Fried rich von Schlegel, and his novel Wally, die Zweiflerin, all appearing in 1835, confirmed his reputation as the head of " Young Germany." For the last named work (which was reprinted in 1852 under the title Vergangene Tage) he was imprisoned for three months at Mannheim, his former friend Menzel and other influential writers denouncing the tendency of his writings as inimical to religion and society. While in prison he wrote Zur Philosophie der Geschichte (1836), in opposition to Hegelianism, and next went to Frankfort, where he was married. To elude the censorship, he published Die Zeit-genossen (2 vols., 1837, subsequently included in his works under the title Sakularbilder) under the name of Bulwer; and in order to enjoy greater literary freedom he removed to Hamburg in 1838. Here he wrote, besides others, one of his most characteristic humorous and satirical novels in the vein of Jean Paul Richter, Blasedow und seme Sohne (3 vols., 1838-'9) and Borne's Leben (1840). Here he also opened a new era in the German drama by his tragedy Richard Savage (1840) and by many other plays, including his most popular comedies, Zopf und Schwerdt (1844) and Das Urhild des Tartufe (1847), and his most admired tragedy, Uriel Acosta (1847). He edited the Telegraph far Deutsrhland till 1842, when, after a visit to Paris, which he described in his Briefe aus Paris (2 vols., 1842), he left Hamburg to supervise at Frankfort a complete edition of his works (12 vols., 1845-'6). In 1847 he succeeded Tieck as dramatist at the Dresden theatre, and from 1852 to 1862 he edited at Frankfort the weekly journal Unter-haltungen am hauslichen Herd. His fame as the foremost German novelist of his day was established by Die Bitter vom Geiste (9 vols., 1850-'52), Die Diakonissin (1855), Der Zaube-rer von Rom (9 vols., 1859-'01), and Die kleine Narrenwelt (3 vols., 1850). In 1862 he became chief secretary of the Schiller institution at Weimar. In 1804 he made an attempt on his life at Friedberg, near Giessen, in a fit of in-sanity, from which he recovered after a time, and resumed his literary activity by the publication of various works, including the novel Hohenschwangau (3 vols., 1808). After taking up his residence in Berlin in 1870 he published Lebensbilder (3 vols., 1870-'72); Die Sohne Pestalozzis (3 vols., 1870), the plot of which is connected with the story of Kaspar Hauser; and Fritz Ellrodt (3 vols., 1872).