Quahking. The sound made by a young queen before she emerges from the cell. See Piping.

Queen. The mother-bee. A sexually developed female honey-bee.

Queen-cage. A small cage for the purpose of confining queen bees.

Queen-cell. The cell in which the young queen is reared. It is larger than other cells and of a different shape, resembling a peanut.

Queen Clipping. The wings of the queen are often clipped to prevent her escaping with a swarm.

Queen-excluder. See Excluder.

Queen Failing. A queen which is no longer capable of laying the usual number of eggs. An old queen.

Queen Introduction. The introduction of a queen bee to a strange colony. A strange queen will seldom be accepted. See Balling Queens.

Queenless. A condition where no queen is present in a hive.

Queen-trap. A trap for the purpose of preventing the escape of a queen with a swarm. See Drone-trap.

Queenright. The normal condition of a colony with a laying queen present.

Quinby Hive. The original large hive with deep frame, 18 1/2 x 11 1/4 inches in size.

Requeening. The replacing of one queen with another. Beekeepers make a practice of requeening at intervals to insure good stock.

Ripe Cell. A queen-cell containing a young queen ready to emerge.

Ripe Honey. Honey that has been left in the care of the bees until the moisture is evaporated and it is of a sufficient density to keep indefinitely without spoiling.

Robbing. The taking of the honey from one colony of bees by bees from other hives.

Royal Jelly. A thin, white paste fed by the bees to the young. It is given in special abundance to young queens.

Sacbrood. A mild disease attacking the larvae. It somewhat resembles foulbrood, but is not as malignant. It often disappears of itself without special treatment. Pickled brood.

Sections. Small containers made of wood of the right size to hold one pound of comb honey when completely filled.

Sealed Brood. Brood which has been sealed over. Young bees in the pupal stage of transformation.

Separator. A thin sheet of wood or other material used in the super to separate the rows of sections. It is designed to insure even filling of the section boxes.

Septum. The layer of wax between the two rows of cells composing a honeycomb. The middle of the comb.

Shake Swarming. The artificial making of a swarm by shaking the bees into a new hive and leaving them to begin anew, as a natural swarm must do.

Self Spacing Frames. The Hoffman frame which has the end bars wider, thus insuring that they will not be crowded too close together in the hive.

Skep. A hive without frames, made of straw.

Skeppist. A beekeeper who keeps bees in skeps.

Slumgum. The refuse that remains after the wax has been rendered from combs.

Smoker. An implement for controlling bees by means of burning some combustible material in a metal holder. The smoke is driven out by means of a bellows.

Spring Dwindling. The gradual weakening of a colony of bees until it is useless or dies in early spring. The cause is usually lack of pollen or neglect during the winter months.

Starter. A narrow strip of foundation used in frames to insure that the bees will start the combs lengthwise of the frame, instead of building them naturally, in uneven or wavy lines.

Stimulative Feeding. The feeding of small amounts of thin syrup in imitation of a light honeyflow. Liberal feeding is considered better beekeeping except when it is necessary to create abnormal conditions in queen rearing.

Sting. The barbed appendage of the honeybee.

Straw Mat. A mat made of straw used over the frames in the Dadant hive.

Super. The part of the hive where surplus honey is stored.

Supersedure. When the bees replace their queen with a young one without attention on the part of the beekeeper, it is called Supersedure.

Surplus Honey. Honey remaining to be removed over and above an amount sufficient for the bees.

Swarm. The natural division of the colony, whereby the old queen and most of the field bees leave the hive to found a new colony, leaving the young bees and a young queen or a queen-cell. The normal method of increase of the bee colony.

Swarm-box. A box covered with screen in which to confine shaken bees when making artificial divisions or stocking nuclei.

Syrian Bees. The Holy Land Bees. A yellow race native to Palestine.

Ten-Frame Hive. The standard Langstroth hive with ten frames.

Tested Queen. A queen that has been tested by observing her offspring to make sure that she has been purely mated.

Tunisian Bees. Black bees native to the North Coast of Africa. The Punic bees.

Uncapping Knife. A knife used for removing the cappings from the honeycomb in preparation for extracting.

Unripe Honey. Green honey. Honey containing an excess of moisture.

Unsealed Brood. Brood which has not yet completed the larval stage of development. At the end of six days after hatching the young larvae complete their growth and their cells are sealed over.

Virgin. An unmated queen.

Wax. The material used by the bees in building their combs.

Wax Extractor. An implement for separating the wax from the slumgum in rendering combs.

Wax Worm. See Beemoth.

Wiring Frames. The placing of wires across the frames when putting in foundation, to support the combs later to be built by the bees.

Wax Pockets. The receptacles between the segments on the under side of the abdomen of the worker bee where the wax scales are produced.

Worker. An imperfectly developed female bee. The neuter. In every hive there are thousands of workers which perform all the labor of the colony.

Worker-comb. Honeycomb containing cells of the size for rearing worker bees.

Wedding Flight. The queen's mating flight.