We have had a most delightful autumn in Western New Tors. The dry summer shortened the growing season, and ripened the wood quite early. Transplanting was perfectly safe in the latter part of September, and was in many of the nurseries commenced vigorously the first week in October. We had just rain enough to make digging and transplanting safe and easy, but not so much as to be in the least disagreeable. In about seven weeks that have elapsed from the time digging and packing commenced, until the present date, (Nov. 22,) we believe there has not been one entire day unfit for out-door work. We had no frost severe enough to kill the most delicate border flowers until the first week in November; and in the neighborhood of Brockport, some twenty miles west of Rochester, Dahlias were in full bloom as late as the middle of the month. Roses in the open borders are here now in full bloom - not injured in the least; and so are Ten Week Stocks and many other tender things.

Westward, cold has set in unusually early. As early as the 14th or l5th of November, hard frosts were experienced in Illinois, and considerable snow had fallen. This we believe is unusual in that region. At Buffalo, some twelve inches of snow fell about the 20th, and the weather was cold; while at Rochester it was mild and beautiful as Indian summer. Our first shower of snow, about two inches deep, fell last night, but has nearly all disappeared in a thaw to-day. Such an autumn as we have had is appreciated by all who have garden operations, or landscape improvements to perform; but nurserymen in particular feel the benefit of it. The vast amount and variety of labor they have to accomplish in a short period of time, give a great value to every hour of working weather. They have their sales to make, their trees to dig and pack, their old grounds to clear, new ones to prepare, their stocks for grafting and next spring planting to be taken up and stored away; seeds are to be planted, and young and tender things protected against the winter.

Those who have green-houses, have still a wider range of operations, - the repairing of glass and shutters, cleaning and repairing flues and furnaces, or such other heating structure or apparatus as may be in use; the cleaning, housing, and arranging plants; preparing pits and cold frames for wintering half hardy plants, etc. etc. All these things, and many more, come on at once; and our northern climate, where we expect winter in earnest before the close of November, 19 not to be trifled with. Timely and thorough preparations must bo made for it by those who wish to escape loss.

The dry summer has produced some effects on vegetation that have been considered very wonderful. Many of the newspapers have recorded the flowering of fruit and other trees late in the autumn. The dry summer was a period of almost entire rest to many trees; and when the fall rains came, accompanied with mild spring-like weather, the fully matured flower-buds expanded as though it were April. Many trees, both fruit and ornamental, have flowered in our own grounds during the months of September and October. The Spiraea prunifolia bloomed quite profusely.

They get two or three crops of Strawberries, in the south, because their warm and long seasons bring early runners - young plants, formed in March or April - to a fruiting condition in July. In our climate it takes the whole summer. Our drouth illustrates the principle of growth on which the ever-bearing character of the Strawberry in the south depends. If we were eight or ten degrees further south, we might get two crops of Strawberries in one season. But to suppose that water will make up for this difference of climate, is a singular delusion.

The weather during the past summer, in the west and southwest, generally, excepting a portion of Wisconsin, was the dryest ever known. In many cases the earth was dry as powder several feet down; and notwithstanding pretty abundant rains, it has hardly been possible to plant trees in many places. The rivers, up to this time even, are unusually low. A gentleman writes us from Marietta, Nov. 8, that "the Ohio is confined to its bed, and has been all summer, and boots are now passing up and down the Muskingum dry." In some parts of the southwest, as in Iowa, Missouri, Tennesee, etc, the drouth set in early, and was quite disastrous. We have heard of two or three instances where persons who had commenced the nursery business lost all they had, and were compelled to abandon their enterprize; their whole stock, in which their means were invested, having been totally ruined by the drouth 1 Young nurserymen should always bear in mind the contingencies of the trade, and provide for them as far as may be in their power. People are now talking more seriously than ever, of irrigation, and of providing appliances for raising and distributing water.

Experience is a good teacher, though often expensive.

Those who hold that an equilibrium of moisture must be maintained, are predicting heavy falls of rain or snow, or both, during the ensuing winter. We may as well prepare for it whether it come or not.

The year 1834 is about closing; and, as we look back, we feel that, all in all, it has been a prosperous and important year for American horticulture. With all the drouth, the fruit crop has generally been abundant and fine. In a few circumscribed localities only has it failed. The exhibitions from Maine to Texas, and we might say to the far-off Pacific, have been numerous and successful; giving ample proof that we are making rapid progress. The Pomological meeting at Boston was a great affair; and the doings of that body, and the reports which will appear in its proceedings, will show what a fruit-growing spirit has been awakened in the United States. Ornamental gardening, too, is brightening up. Landscape gardening is written about, and talked and read about, with increasing interest, and professors of that most useful and delightful of arts, - fine arts, if you please - are becoming numerous, as our advertising pages will show. All this omens well for our country.

The preceding notes were intended for the December number, but were, in company with other items of more importance, crowded out. Between that date (November 22d) and the present (December 16th) we have had a very heavy fall of snow. The weather continued open and fine up to the evening of the 24th of November. On the 25th it was cold and freezing; on the 2d of December it commenced snowiug, and continued for four or five days, until it was between two and three feet deep. Heavy falls of rain took the place of snow eastward. On the 14th or 15th December, a thaw came, and a good portion of the snow has disappeared, the ground is yet quite free from frost, and well covered with snow.

The Flore des Serres* for October last, has an unusually interesting set of plates:

1. The Hexacentris Mysorensis, var. lutea - A magnificent plant, with large clusters of golden flowers.

2. Tropical Palms, Oncospenna flamentosa, and Licula spinosa, from the Islands of Sumatra, Java, and Borneo.

3. A hardy Alpine plant, Soldanella alpina - A low plant like a Primrose, with round leaves and pretty fringed blue flowers. It flowers in the spring and requires the same treatment as other Alpine plants.

4. The Rhododendron arborea Ambroisie - A superb variety, with flowers white in the center, bordered and pencilled with vermillion - quite a novelty. Raised by Mr. Dalliere, horticulturist at Ledeberg.

5. The Habrothamnus aurantiacus of Regel, or Cestrum Regeli of Planchon. Plan-OHON, after Danal, regards the Habrothamnus as a section of the genus Oestrum, and as there has been a Cestrum aurantiaca a long time in the gardens, adopts the name Cestrum Regeli. It is a fine plant, with racemes of brilliant orange flowers, in habit like the well-known H. elegant.

6. The Gentiana Fortuni - A handsome plant, with blue bell-shaped flowers, like our native species Saponaria, etc. It is from the North of China, and it is supposed will stand the climate of England and Belgium in the open air. We think it will stand here too.

7. Tecoma spectabilis, from New Genada, has bright yellow flowers as large as those of the Bignonia radicans, introduced by M. Linden, of Brussels, through his collector M. Schlim.

8. Green-Houses and Aquarium of Mr. Oppenheim, at Cologne. The aquarium is devoted to the Victoria regia and a few Nymphaas, Nelumbiums, and other interesting aquatics. The houses are said to have cost $3,000; the heating cost $600. The aquarium is nearly fifty feet in diameter; the basin in the middle, thirty-three feet, said to be the largest that has yet been built in Europe.