1. Melt together 4 oz. of mutton suet, 1 oz. of bees'-wax, 1 oz. of sweet oil, 1/2 oz. oil of turpentine, and stir in 1 oz. of powdered gum arabic, and 1/2 oz. of fine lamp-black.

2. Bees'-wax 8 oz., tallow 1 oz., powdered gum 1 oz., lamp-black q. s. These are used not merely by the shoemaker, but to copy inscriptions, raised patterns, etc, by rubbing the ball on paper laid over the article to be copied. Ullathorne's Balls answer the purpose very well. For copying ancient monumental brasses, a similar compound, coloured with bronze-powder, instead of lamp-black, is sometimes employed.

Balls for Scouring - Breeches Balls, Clothes Balls.

1. Bath-brick 4 parts, pipe-clay 8 parts, pumice 1, soft-soap 1; ochre, umber, or other colour to bring it to the desired shade, q. s.; ox-gall to form a paste. Make it into balls and dry them.

2. Pipe-clay 4 oz., fuller's-earth 1/2 oz., whiting 1/2 oz., white pepper 1/4 oz., ox-gall sufficient to form it into a paste.

3. Pipe-clay 3 oz., white pepper 1 dr., starch 1 dr., orris powder 1 1/2 drs. It may be kept in powder, or formed into balls, as above.