1. Manual-training Bench......... 2

2. Carpenter's Bench.......... 2

3. Two-foot, Four-fold Rule ........ 3

4. Zigzag Rule........... 3

5. Position of Try-square in Squaring an Edge ..... 4

6. Use of Two Try-squares to See if Piece of Wood is « Out of Wind " 4

7. Position of Try-square when Making a Line..... 5

8. Steel, or Framing, Square........ 6

9. Bevel and Steel Square......... 6

10. Marking Gauge .... ..... 7

11. Marking Gauge in Use......... 8

12. Claw Hammer........... 8

13. Toenailing and Tacking......... 9

14. Blind Nailing and Use of a Nail Set...... 10

15. Hatchet and Hand Ax......... 11

16. Mallets............ 11

17. A. Ripsaw; B. Cutting-off Saw; C. Compass, or Keyhole, Saw . 12

18. Backsaw............ 13

19. Use of the Saw ....'...... 15

20. Reset Saw Handle.......... 16

21. Knife Blades........... 16

22. Section of Iron Plane......... 17

23. Result of Using Plane with Improperly Adjusted Cap Iron . . 18

24. Result of Using Plane with Cap Iron Adjusted Properly . . 18

25. Setting a Plane.......... 19

26. Whetting and Grinding a Plane....... 21

27. Whetting, or Oilstoning, the Beveled Side of a Cutter ... 22

28. Whetting, or Oilstoning, the Plain Side of the Plane Iron . . 23

29. Shape of Edge of Plane Iron........ 24

30. Jack Plane........... 25

31. Method of Guiding a Jointer........ 26

32. Knuckle Joint Block Plane...... ,28

33. Use of the Block Plane.....

34. Using Block Plane upon Small Pieces......

35. Incorrect Use of the Jack Plane.......

36. Beginning the Stroke with a Jack Plane......

37. Ending the Stroke with a Jack Plane......

38. Chisels............

39. Drawshave...........

40. Spokeshave...........

41. Auger Bit ............

42. Cross-handled Auger.........

43. A. German Bit; B. Twist Drill.......

44. A. Extension Bit; B. Center Bit.......

45. Filing an Auger Bit..........

46. Ratchet Bitbrace..........

47. Compasses...........

48. Calipers............

49. Pliers........... .

50. Nippers............

51. Scraper............

52. Edges of Scrapers..........

53. Angle of Burnisher with Sides of Scraper.....

54. Method of Grasping Scraper for Sharpening .....

55. Top Views of the Angles of the Burnisher.....

56. Angle to be Avoided in Sharpening Scraper.....

57. Turning Back the Edge of a Scraper ......

58. Method of Grasping the Scraper when Working upon a Broad Sur59. Method of Grasping the Scraper when Working within a Small

60. Method of Grasping the Scraper when Working upon an Edge

61. Monkey Wrench..........

62. Effect of the Unskillful Use of a Handscrew.....

63. Correct Use of the Handscrew .......

64. Emery Wheel Dresser.........

65. Jointing a Saw..........

66. Hand Saw Set...........

67. Anvil Saw Set........,

68. Angle of the File with the Edge of the Saw.....

69. Angle of the File with the Sides of the Saw .

70. Results of Filings as in Fig. 69.......

71. Method of Carrying a File to Obtain the Hook of a Cutting-off Saw

Removing the Burr after Filing a Saw...... 57

Perspective View of a Cross, Illustrating the Three Planes of Projection Commonly Used...... 63

Working Drawing of Cross, Illustrating Method of Showing Three

Views upon One Plane........ 64

Two-view Working Drawing........ 65

Three Views of a Table - Methods of Indicating Construction ;

Dimensioning.......... 65

Conventional Sections......... 66

Section of Construction - a Door Frame..... 66

Method of Showing a Large Detail...... 67

Use of a Center Line......... 68

Use of a Center Line to Show Outside View and Section . . 68

Method of Indicating Radii and Centers..... 69

Use of Scales........... 71

Use of the Rule in Scaling........ 71

Drawing Board,' T Square, and Triangles..... 73

Straight Edge.......... 78

Lining Off for Ripsawing........ 78

Use of the Bench Hook and the Backsaw..... 79

Exercise in Chiseling......... 80

Use of the Bench Hook with the Paring Chisel .... 81

Square Butt Joint.......... 82

End Butt Joint.......... 83

Edge Joint: Method 1......... 83

Joints............ 84

Jointing Two Pieces at Once : Method 2..... 85

The " Try " Method : Method 3....... 85

Position of the Pieces of the Joint in Fitting the Second Piece . 86

Testing the Faces of the Pieces....... 87

Testing the Joint.......... 87

Method of Grasping Sandpaper ....... 89

Intersection Joint . .......... 90

Lap Joint........... 91

Lap Joint, Keyed and Bolted....... 91

Fished Joint........... 92

Mitered Joint........... 92

Iron Miter Box with Piece in Place Ready for Sawing . .93 A. Method of Holding Mitered Joint for Nailing; B. Mitered

Joint Nailed, Members Intersecting...... 93

Method of Holding Finished Molding in a Vise . .94

109. Halved Scarfed Joint.........

110. Correct Use of the Chisel in Fitting a Shoulder .

111. Incorrect Use of the Chisel in Fitting a Shoulder ....

112. Incorrect Use of the Chisel in Following a Line ....

113. Tapered Scarfed Joint.........

114. Notched, or Locked, Joint......

115. Laying Out the Cuts of the Notched, or Locked, Joint .

116. Housed, or Tank, Joint.........

117. Half-dovetailed Joint.........

118. Checked Joint..........

119. Mortised Joint..........

120. Mortise Gauge..........

121. Method of Grasping a Chisel for Mortising Small Work

122. Method of Grasping a Chisel for Mortising Large Work

123. Mortised Joint, Drawbored........

124. Mortised Joint with Relish........

125. Dovetailed Brace, or Halved, Joint......

126. Dovetailed Locked, or Halved, Joint......

127. Mitered Halved Joint.........

128. Doweled Joint..........

129. Dowels in Thick Material, Placed " Staggering " .

130. A, B. Marking for Dowels : Method 1 ; C. Pointed Dowel .

131. Marking for Dowels: Method 2.......

132. Marking for Dowels: Method 3.......

133. Mitered Doweled Joint: Method 1 of Gluing Angles

134. Mitered Doweled Joint: Method 2 of Gluing Angles

135. Wooden Miter Box.........

136. Joggled and Wedged Splice . . .

137. Halved and Rabbeted Joint........

138. A. Rabbet Plane ; B. Filletster.......

139. Table Leg Joint..........

140. Double Mortised Joint.........

141. Blind, or Fox-wedged, Mortised Joint......

142. Coped Joint..........

143. Uses of the Coped Joint.........

144. Halved and Wedged Scarfed Joint......

145. Plain Dovetailed Joint.........

146. Sawing Dovetails..........

147. Cutting Dovetails..........

148. Section of Dovetail.........

149. Dovetailing ; Marking Pins........

150. Dovetailing; Sawing Pins.......

151. Half-blind Dovetailed Joint.......

152. Half-blind Dovetail; Sawing the Pins......

153. Blind Dovetail........

154. Blind Dovetail : Method of Fitting the Joint .

155. Bench Hook...........

156. Coat Hanger........' .

157. Use of the Spokeshave - Taking Advantage of the Grain

158. Foot Rest...........

159. Tool Box...........

160. Planing the Edge of a Box to Fit the Bottom . . ,

161. A. Common Nail; B. Finish Nail, or Brad ; C. Casing Nail: D. Flooring Nail........

162. Bookshelf...........

163. Drawing Board..........

164. T Square...........

165. Fastening the Tongue and the Head......

166. Threefold Screen ..........

167. Threefold Screen - Marking for Mortises.....

168. Threefold Screen - Gluing and Squaring by Diagonals

169. Threefold Screen - Section of Stiles for Fly Hinge

170. Threefold Screen - the Fly Hinge ......

171. Library Table..........

172. Method of Fastening the Top of Table to Rails .

173. Piano Bench...........

174. Piano Bench - Section Showing Construction in Fig. 173

175. Medicine Closet..........

176. Medicine Closet Details.........

177. Dovetailed Bookrack.........

178. Magazine Stand..........