Workshop Notes & Sketches For Handicraft Classes
Being a first year's course in wood & metal working
| Title | Workshop Notes & Sketches For Handicraft Classes |
| Author | Thomas A. Clark |
| Publisher | James Thin |
| Year | 1892 |
| Copyright | 1892, James Thin |
| Amazon | Workshop notes & sketches for handicraft classes |
Workshop Notes & Sketches For Handicraft Classes
Being A First Year's Course In Wood & Metal Working
By Thomas A. Clark, M. I. Mech. E. Superintendent Of Workshops And Technical Drawing Master, George Heriot's Hospital School, Edinburgh.
Second Edition Revised And Enlarged
Edinburgh
James Thin, Publisher to the University
[entered at stationers' hall.]
A. Ritchie & Son, Printers, 51 York Place, Edinburgh.
Preface- Technical Education being of so recent introduction into our schools, teachers have meantime at their command only a limited selection of text-books on the subject, and in one of its branches, handicr...
- Preface To The Second Edition
- This Edition of Workshop Notes and Sketches has been carefully revised and considerably enlarged. In response to numerous requests made to him, the Author has added an entirely new part on Metal Wo...
- Part I. General Description Of Tools
- Bench Planes An ordinary set comprises, in general the three - (a) jack plane, (b) halflong, truing or trying plane, and (c) hand or smoothing plane. The jack plane is used for removing the rough s...
- General Description Of Tools. Part 2
- Cross-Cut Or Hand-Saw This saw has its teeth more in the form of equilateral triangles, and thus resembles a rending saw used for hard wood, the angle being nearly equal at both sides. The teeth of...
- General Description Of Tools. Part 3
- Marking Gauge One common form of construction of this tool is a sliding block of beech, fitted tightly on a parallel bar of the same material and provided with a screw of boxwood, let into the side...
- General Description Of Tools. Part 4
- Oilstone This piece of bench-furnishing has a variety of names, such as hone, set-stone, whet-stone, sharpening-stone, etc. It is used for sharpening or setting edge tools after the grindstone has ...
- General Description Of Tools. Part 5
- Mallet When mortising or heavy paring has to be done, it is not advisable to use a hammer, as the tool handles are too readily damaged by this means. For such purposes the mallet should be taken. L...
- Sawing Or Breaking Out Wood
- Before commencing to cut out material for any piece of work, it is necessary to know exactly the sizes of the several pieces required, the best method of construction, and the class of wood to be used...
- Planing
- In using the planes, so as to obtain good results, they ought to be kept quite sharp; the covers must be screwed firmly in their proper places on the irons ; the shavings should be kept clear out of t...
- Gauging To Width And Thickness
- Gauging is somewhat difficult for the beginner. The chief error is the tendency to put too much weight on the marking point and too little pressure of the sliding block on the face or edge. Such mista...
- Jointing
- In some exercises no jointing of the several pieces may be required, as they may be fixed together by glue, nails, or screws. In construction of the great majority of articles made of wood, joints of ...
- Halving
- This class of joint is used for a great many different purposes, and the joint itself assumes quite a number of forms, depending upon the application. Halving is much applied in housebuilding, as also...
- Notching
- This is closely connected with the last class of joint, and in fact notching and halving, in some instances, are almost synonymous terms, save that surfaces of halving joints are made flush with one a...
- Cogging
- This joint is similar to notching, only instead of the notch being carried right through, as in Fig. 14 a part or cog is left near the centre, as shown at Fig. 18, or to one side as in Fig. 19. The on...
- Rebate Joint
- The rebate joint is also known as the rabbit or check joint. Rebate joints are employed over a wide range of constructive processes. Many of them are applied to join thin pieces at an angle, as at the...
- Mitre Joint
- The mitre joint is one formed by the meeting of two pieces at a corner, on a line bisecting the right angle. The same class of joint may be used on angles greater or less than 900, as in Figs. 31 and ...
- Mortise And Tenon Joint
- The simplest form of this joint is when two pieces a and b are joined together at right angles, as in Fig. 34. The joint is formed by cutting or mortising out the hole, c, Fig. 35, called the mortise,...
- Bridle Joints
- Two examples of this class of fixing for timbers, used instead of the mortise and tenon joint, are shown at Figs. 47, 48. A bridle, or narrow bar, is left in the centre of one piece, as a, Fig. 48, ab...
- Scarfing
- When a beam has to be lengthened without enlarging the joint to any great extent, the pieces are scarfed together. Figs. 51-56 show a few different kinds of scarf joints as used for wall-plates, beams...
- Board Jointing
- When a surface is to be formed of wood greater in width than can be conveniently got, several pieces may have to be joined edge to edge, as for instance in the case of flooring. Figs. 57-61 show a few...
- Dovetail Joints
- Dovetail jointing is largely used for the same purpose as the rebate joint. It is a much stronger and more durable method of union, but rather more difficult to make. a, b, c, Fig. 63, show different ...
- Half-Lap Dovetail
- This is employed chiefly for the front joints of cabinet drawers, etc, and only shows the joint to one side. The front piece should be thicker than the sides or the back. The dovetails come about two-...
- Wood Turning
- Lathes, used exclusively for wood turning, have no back motion, and in many instances not even cone pulleys. This is owing to the necessity for a uniformly high speed (1000 to 2000 turns per minute), ...
- Part III. Metal Working
- Modern requirements have compelled the introduction of a great variety of machine tools of all sorts, whereby the tedium of production is greatly removed, and the rapidity of manufacture increased a h...
- Turning Lathes
- The most widely employed of all machine tools is the turning lathe. By means of it, all sorts of cylindrical work are fashioned, besides a great variety of other forms. Lathes are of three general typ...
- Finishing or Spring Tool
- The finishing or spring tool should now be got and fixed in the same position as the roughing tool, water being used as before. Greater care must be exercised in sharpening, setting, and fixing, than ...
- Polishing
- The highest speed the lathe possesses is employed for polishing. This process is performed by the application of emery in either of two forms, viz., as emery cloth or in a granulated condition. Both m...
- Drilling In The Lathe
- If holes have to be bored in the lathe, the work is generally fixed to a face plate or in a chuck, and the drill or cutter bar held firmly in the tool holder. Drills, unlike turning tools, cut with tw...
- Planing Machines
- These tools are now very extensively used for producing all sorts of flat surfaces on metals. The general form is that, where the work is fixed and supported on a horizontal, moving, cast-iron table, ...
- Shaping Machines
- The chief difference between these tools and planing machines is that the work remains stationary, while the toolholder has the motion given to it, and although used for similar work, still it is of a...
- Blacksmith Work
- The work of the blacksmith comprehends the different processes connected with the manufacture into useful and ornamental forms, of wrought-iron and steel while in a heated condition. A forge, an anvil...
- Workshop Notes And Sketches
- tools, for example, have only the small edge tempered that is used for doing the work, the remainder being left quite soft, whereas in many other cases the entire piece of steel is tempered equally th...
- Moulding And Casting
- By means of these branches of handicraft much of our most intricate work is now performed in a comparatively simple manner. They imply the making of a mould or cavity of the desired shape in some suit...
- Casting
- Cast-iron is melted in a furnace known as a cupola, but for small quantities of softer metals, crucibles of fireclay or plumbago are made use of. For the softest metals and alloys, a ladle, heated on ...
- Fitting And Finishing
- This branch of the engineer's work includes all the processes where the hammer, chisel, file, and scraper are used. These are necessarily very numerous and diversified, but not so much so as in past y...
- Filing
- When a surface has been reduced to approximate flatness, the file is next applied. Files vary in length, contour, and section, besides quality of cut, so that several things have to be taken into cons...
- Finishing
- A great deal of the finisher's work is now performed by large grindstones and buffs; all that in many instances remains to be done being to inspect the work, and correct any irregularities, going over...
- Workshop Notes And Sketches. Opinions Of The Press
- Scotsman. - Workshop Notes and Sketches is a useful introductory manual of technical instruction in wood working. It is written in a clear and business like style, and has a good equipment of illu...
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