Joigny

Joigny (anc. Joviniacum), a town of Champagne, France, in the department and on the river Yonne, 15 m. N. W. of Auxerre; pop. in 1872, 6,400. It is surrounded by an old wall with six gates, and has two suburbs, exceedingly steep streets, a fine quay, several Gothic churches besides the fine cathedral, and good cavalry barracks. Coarse cloth and other articles are manufactured, and the trade in wine is brisk. - The territory of Joigny was a county in the middle ages, and about 1600 belonged to the cardinal de Gondy, a brother of Marshal de Retz, who built a handsome castle here.

Jokyokarta, Or Yugyakarta Jokjokerta

I, A maritime province or residency in the S. part of Java, formerly one of the most important native states on the island, but now subject to the Dutch; pop. about 500,000. It contains the volcano of Nerapi, 3,000 ft. high, abounds in teak, is very fertile, and produces rice, coffee, and tobacco, but has no good harbors. II. The capital of the residency and seat of a native sultan and a Dutch resident, near the S. coast, about 275 m. E. S. E. of Batavia; pop. about 120,000. The most interesting features of the town are said to be the native monarch's water palace, with its walls, towers, and subterraneous approaches, and the fort occupied by Europeans. The sultan is attended by a body guard of young females, armed with lance, sword, and pistol, and serving both as infantry and cavalry. From them are often chosen inmates for the royal harem. There is now a Christian church and school.

Joliaim Severin Vater

Joliaim Severin Vater, a German linguist, born in Altenburg, May 27, 1771, died in Halle, March 16, 1826. He was a student and professor at Jena and Halle, in 1809 was transferred to Konigsberg, and in 1820 resumed his chair at Halle. Although he taught theology, he is chiefly known as a philologist. His works include a Hebrew grammar (1797); Handbuch der hebrdischen, syrischen, chaldaischen und ardbischen Grammatik (1801); a Polish (1807) and a Russian grammar (1809); a continuation of Adelung's Mithridates (1809 -17); and Literatur der Grammatiken, Lexiha und Wortersammlungen aller Sprachen der Erde (1815). He also edited and continued Henke's Allgemeine Geschichte der christlichen Kirehe (1818-'23).

Joliann Kaspar Orelli

Joliann Kaspar Orelli, a Swiss philologist, born in Zurich, Feb. 13, 1787, died there, Jan. 6, 1849. He early devoted special attention to the study of languages, and after a course of theological studies he settled in Bergamo, where from 1807 to 1813 he delivered religious discourses in German, French, and Italian. In 1813 he became a teacher in the public school at Coire, and six years later professor of hermeneutics and rhetoric in Zurich. He edited a series of Greek and Roman classics, of which his editions of Horace, Tacitus, and Cicero have received special praise. Among his other publications are Onomasticon Tulli-anum (3 vols., 1830-'8) and Inscriptionum La-tinarum selectarum Collectio (2 vols., 1828). He was assisted in some of his works by Baiter, and in his turn took a considerable share in Baiter and Sauppe's edition of Plato. - His brother Konrad was the author of several French grammars, and of a work on the life and doctrine of Spinoza.