Ludwig Michael Schwanthaler

Ludwig Michael Schwanthaler, a German sculptor, born in Munich, Aug. 26, 1802, died there, Nov. 15, 1848. He studied under his father, and became in 1835 professor at the academy of Munich, after several visits to Rome. His works are numerous, including the frieze for the Barbarossa hall at Munich, more than 200 ft. long; the model for the images of the 12 ancestors of the house of Wittels-bach, in the new palace at Munich; the 15 statues of the "Battle of Arminius" for the Wal-halla; the colossal statue of Bavaria, at Munich, which he left unfinished; and the statue of Mozart in Salzburg. - See Schwanthaler's Reliquien, by Trautmann (Munich, 1858).

Ludwig Philippson

Ludwig Philippson, a Jewish author, born in Dessau, Germany, Dec. 27, 1811. He was a preacher and director of a school at Magdeburg from 1833 to 1840, when he became a rabbi. He founded in 1837 Die allgemeine Zeitung des Judenthums, which he still edits, though blind, and published a translation of the Old Testament, with the text and notes (2d ed., Leipsic, 1859-62). Among his early works are Benedict Spinoza als Mensch and Wie verloren die Juden das Burgerrecht im Ost- und Westromischen Reiche? and among his latest are Sepphoris und Rom ,(2 vols., Berlin, 1866), Die weltbewegenden Fragen in Poli-tik und Religion (2 vols., Leipsic, 1868-9), and Die HocJischule fur die Wissenschaft des Juden-thums (Berlin, 1872).

Ludwig Von Baczko

Ludwig Von Baczko, a German author, bor at Lyck, East Prussia, June 8, 1756, died in Konigsberg, March 27, 1823. He became blind in his 21st year, from an attack of smallpox, and in 1816 was made superintendent of the blind asylum at Konigsberg. Among his works are a history of Prussia in 6 volumes, and a history of the French revolution. He wrote also several romances and dramas.

Ludwig Von Benedek

Ludwig von Benedek, an Austrian soldier, born at Oedenburg, W. Hungary, in 1804. He is the son of a physician, studied at the military academy of Neustadt, near Vienna, entered the army as a cornet in 1822, and rose to the rank of lieutenant colonel in 1843. He fought against the insurgents in Galicia in 1846, against the Italians in 1848, and in 1859 commanded at Solferino the left wing of the Austrian army, which was the last to leave the field. In 1860 he became field marshal and governor general of Hungary, in November of the same year commander-in-chief in Italy, and in 1866 in the war with the Prussians, by whom he was crush-ingly defeated at Sadowa, July 3. He was superseded by the archduke Albert, under whom he served till October, when he was put on the retired list, his disastrous generalship against the Prussians destroying his reputation.

Ludwig Von Stteglitz

Ludwig Von Stteglitz, a Russian banker, born in Arolsen, Germany, of Jewish parents, in 1778, died in St. Petersburg, March 18, 1843. He was a brother of the medical writer Johann Stieglitz, and in early life went to St. Petersburg, He was poor, but gradually became rich and influential, and at his death left a colossal fortune. He was made a baron in 1825. His brothers Nikolaus and Bernhard also became rich, and one of the latter.'s sons was made councillor of the ministry of the interior. The son of Ludwig, the baron Alexander, continued the father's business till 1858, when he assumed the direction of the new government bank, retiring in 1866.