Wash Safflower till the water comes off colourless; mix it with water holding 15 per cent. of carbonate of soda in solution, so as to form a thick paste; leave it for several hours, then press out the red liquid, and nearly neutralize it with acetic acid. Then put cotton into it, and add successive small portions of acetic acid, so as to prevent the liquid becoming alkaline. In 24 hours take out the cotton, wash it, and digest it for half an hour in water holding 5 per cent. of crystallized carbonate of soda in solution. Immediately on removing the cotton, supersaturate the liquid with citric acid, and collect the precipitate, which must be repeatedly washed in cold water. For pink saucers the liquor is allowed to deposit in the saucers. Mixed with the scrapings of French chalk it constitutes rouge.

Lakes are also obtained from Brazil-wood and madder, by adding alum to a concentrated decoction of the former, or to a cold infusion of the latter (made by triturating the madder, inclosed in a bag, with the water), and afterwards sufficient carbonate of potash or soda to throw down the alumina in combination with the colouring matter. The precipitate is to be washed and dried. A little solution of tin added with the alum improves the colour. Lakes may be obtained from most vegetable colouring matters by means of alum and an alkaline carbonate. Yellow Lake is made from French or Persian berries, by boiling them in water, with a little soda or potash, and adding alum to the strained liquor as long as a precipitate is thrown down. Or by boiling weld, or quercitron bark, in water, and adding alum and chalk in a pasty state.