Falkland Islands, a British colony in the South Atlantic, lying between 51° and 53° S. lat. and 57. and 62° W. long., 250 miles E. of Patagonia. The group consists of East Falkland (2849 sq. m.) and West Falkland (1990 sq. m.), with about 100 small islands, besides the dependency of South Georgia (q.v.). Many of the islands are occupied only by myriads of penguins. Pop. (1871) 811; (1901) 2043. The shores are deeply indented, and contain many good harbours ; the surface culminates in Mount Adam (2315 feet); small streams and lakes are numerous ; there are no trees, nor is coal found, but peat is plentiful. The climate is healthy, resembling that of the Orkneys, but is characterised by severe gales and abundance of moisture. The chief industry is sheep-breeding. Wool, frozen meat, live sheep, tallow, skins, and hides are exported. The capital is Stanley (pop. 694), on East Falkland. The group, sighted by Davis in 1592, was renamed in 1689 by Captain Strong after his friend Lord Falkland. It was definitely occupied by Great Britain in 1833, and utilised as a penal colony until 1852.