This section is from "The Horticulturist, And Journal Of Rural Art And Rural Taste", by P. Barry, A. J. Downing, J. Jay Smith, Peter B. Mead, F. W. Woodward, Henry T. Williams. Also available from Amazon: Horticulturist and Journal of Rural Art and Rural Taste.
A few practical remarks on the cultivation of exotic grapes under glass, will be interesting to some of the readers of the Agriculturist. Frequent attempts hare been made to cultivate this delicious fruit in the open air, without success. In the summer of 1858, my employer, Mr. Henry Lyons, of Columbia, S. C., erected a cold grapery sixty-two feet long by twelve wide, what is called a lean-to house-fronting southeast; the back wall of bricks sixteen feet in height, the front resting on brick pillars one foot above the ground, and three feet apart; upright sashes three feet long, movable for ventilation; wooden ventilators at the top one foot wide by seven long, raised from the beck by cords. The sashes of the roof remain stationary. In making the border, the expense was small. The material used was twenty tons of well-rotted stable manure, and two tons of rough bones. The surface soil was of a light, sandy nature, with a subsoil of red, sandy clay, and dry bottom. The ground was trenched two feet six inches deep, a layer of bones put into the bottom of each trench, and the manure mixed with the soil as it was turned over. The border is twenty-seven feet wide from the back wall.
Cuttings were procured of the following varieties, viz: Black Hamburg, White Frontignan, Muscat, of Alexandria, Golden Chasselas, Black Prince, White Tokay, Black Lombardy, Syrian, Purple Damask, and Palestine, and propagated from single eyes in the month of March, using a slight bottom heat to root them. I planted them, the following July, inside the house, spreading the roots to the outside. The number of vines planted was sixteen to the back, and thirty-two to the front. The quantity planted may seem large for the size of the house. In planting them so close, the intention was to take a full crop the first and second years, thinning them out as they came into full bearing. A vigorous growth was made the first season, covering the trellis to the top. All the lateral shoots were allowed to grow to encourage the growth of roots. In November, the roof was taken off to give the inside border the benefit of the winter rains, and retard the buds from starting too early in the spring. The later they can be kept back, the better. In December, I cut them down to the ground. In March, the following season, I put the roof on, and gave the border a top dressing of well-rotted manure, mulching the outer border with four inches of half-decayed leaves, collected the previous season.
A single cane grew to the top, and I then stopped it, also stopping the laterals as they grew. In November, I took the roof off, as in the previous season. I pruned them in December, leaving from seven to eight feet of wood for bearing the following season. By this time, some of the vines measured two inches in circumference. On the 6th of July, 1854, eighteen months from the time of planting, and two years from the bud, the first grapes were cut - the last were cut in November; in all, two hundred and fifty bunches. Last year three hundred bunches were cut, and the average weight of each bunch was one pound. This will be about the crop each year. This season the vines are thinned out, leaving twenty-six vines to bear, and dispensing with those on the back Wall altogether. This attempt to cultivate the foreign grape under glass, in this climate, shows, without doubt, that they can be cultivated with better success and less expense than attends their culture in the Northern States. The soil and climate is better adapted to the growth. The vine delights in a light, rich soil, provided the subsoil is dry. Several of the finest varieties seldom come to perfection in the North without fire heat, such as Muscat of Alexandria, Syrian; and they are, also, six weeks earlier here.
I hope the success of this experiment will stimulate all lovers of good fruit to erect graperies. - s Carolina Agriculturist.
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