The American Pomological Society met in New York on the 14th of September, and the members discussed several highly important questions.

At the moment these discussions were proceeding, a change is coming over the fruit market, which it would be well to notice, as having great influence and perhaps extensive consequences. The influence of gold is silently disturbing prices; the increase of our steam marine is likewise silently but surely disturbing our consumption of fruit and vegetables. There is more money employed in transferring products of this description from one climate to another, than most people would, on a hasty inspection, believe.

Every steamship that touches at the tropics, or on their borders, brings more or less valuable and wholesome fruit* and vegetables. Oranges and bananas, the latter a rapidly increasing favorite, are cheaper than our northern apples and pears. Pine apples are as plentiful in Montreal and Quebec as they were formerly in New York; you can purchase bananas and other West India fruit in every city of the union, and mostly at reasonable prices. The supply of our own products is utterly inadequate to our consumption. Except the small fruits there is no sure crop. Apples in one section or another are giving us the slip; as for a full supply of good pears it is a problem - amateurs, and those who take great pains or incur a large outlay may have enough. We have had line upon line and precept without careful practice; a barrel of the best pears is too dear a product to place in the store-room, and if you do so, many will decay before you know it, unless you pick them over daily. Apples come to us now and then in "favorable" seasons, but private families have ceased to expect a regular and permanent supply.

If the temperance men had in their zeal preached a crusade against these articles, they could hardly be expected to be more scarce with the many; and yet you find few children who do not revel in oranges.

This is a discouraging picture, but is it not true? And if not literally true, does it not approach the truth? Are we making the progress in fruit culture that we hoped to do? Does not the frost, the blight, and the insects make the pursuit of money in this line of business, an uncertain matter? In the smaller fruits profits are realized certainly; but we have not felt of latter years, that it would be safe to plant very extensively or to depend entirely on an apple or pear orchard. The tropics now brought so near our shores, are to be main sources of fruit, if we take the people at large.

Another source is open to the northern man. Bermuda, Georgia, (and soon we may hope, Florida,) are pouring their products into our laps with unwonted liberality. Summer apples made their appearance in New York in the middle of June, from Augusta ; peaches followed by the 10th of July, and were retailed at twenty-five cents the dozen, having a very good taste indeed, and this while the once plentiful supplies from New Jersey and Delaware are a failing crop, both as regards quantity and quality. Our plums have been disappearing every year.

Thus, changes are in progress which the Convention might well have discussed, and if possible told us what we are to do. The actual result seems to be that a few localities are adapted to a given product. We receive our early potatoes from Bermuda and the south : but both the home product and the foreign are so dear as to have been shunned by the poorer classes during several winters, and substitutes have to be found in beans or flour, the latter most happily for the masses, now at a moderate price ; the rich have been largely supplied with yams ; for a variety of early vegetables we resort to lower Virginia, from whence so large is the supply that it supports a large class of dealers and hucksters who regulate their prices by keeping back an over supply, and who really control the market for a long period of the year. A small number regulate the price of cranberries, and either buy up the whole crop or combine to enhance the price ; this is very possible with a fruit that keeps so long and so well, while in strawberries and raspberries a small over stock of such perishable materials is apt to lessen prices within or below a mere paying point.

If an American convention meets to talk over their prospects, and to the best of their ability to counsel and advise their countrymen, a smaller number of fruit dealers regulate the prices that their produce shall bring. A few firms control the trade in tropical products, and agree what they shall be worth; two or three control the potatoes of Bermuda, and they have not yet agreed to supply us with that best of vegetables, the sweet potato of the south. Another organization buys up another fruit, and the prices, the most important point to the producer, are a matter of bargain and sale between capitalists who have their profit on every thing we partake of.

A pomological convention might well take the market for a theme of discussion, and tell us how we shall obtain individually the fruit that is for sale without its going through so many hands. The product is insufficient, and advantage is taken of the fact to make a victim of the consumer. If you raise Black Hamburgh grapes, you must sell them at fifty cents the pound, while the city dealer gets a dollar or more for what has cost you so much care and anxiety, in order to pay his enormous rent in a fashionable street. It is no uncommon thing for the raiser to starve, and the dealer or forestaller to make a fortune. An agent in cities who takes a small per centage for vending your produce is an able ally when you can depend upon his honesty, while a forestall er is one of those incubi on society whose very presence is a pest.

What are we to do for fruit ? How give a healthful supply to that large class who are now assembled in our great cities. The convention points out the way to raise it, but another convention is sitting all the year, plotting to buy in the cheapest market and to sell in the dearest; they are rich enough to regulate prices ; they make more by tropical fruits than by many of the native, and they are conspiring all the time to regulate what we shall eat. Is there any way by which we can counteract them, and bring the wholesome products of the earth within the means of all ? The conventions in different parts of the Union are doing much to instruct us on the subject of the best and most productive kinds ; they cannot be expected to do more; without them we should be badly off indeed. Their value may be estimated by visiting a Spanish settlement, like that of Cuba, where nobody takes the least interest in disseminating information, and where, but for the extraordinary climate, with their habits of neglect and indifference, there would be no fruit whatever.

Considering the many difficulties we have to encounter, it really is a matter of interest to see the energy with which our people and their representatives in these congresses pursue the subject They have done much and must not relax their efforts, or we shall fall into a state of fruit destitution. The orchard-house will more and more be resorted to in northern climates. W.