The simple distilled waters (without spirit) used in perfumery are chiefly those of rose, elder, and orange flower, cinnamon, etc. The points requisite to be attended to are, that the flowers he fresh, gathered after the sun has risen and the dew exhaled, and that sufficient water he used to prevent the flowers being burned, but not much more than is sufficient for this purpose. The quantities usually directed are - Roses 15 lbs., water 40 lbs.: distil 15 lbs. for single, and the same water with 15 lbs. of fresh roses, for double rose-water.

Orange-flowers 12 lbs., water 36 lbs.: distil 24 lbs. for double orange-flower water; this with an equal quantity of distilled water forms the single. The flowers should not be put into the still till the water nearly boils.

Elder-flower Water, Acacia-flower Water, and Bean-flower Water, are prepared in the same manner as rose-water.

Eau de Naphre. This water is distilled in Languedoc from the leaves of the bigarade, or bitter-orange tree, but the preparation sold in England under this name is often prepared thus: - Orange flowers 7 lbs.; fresh yellow peel of the bigarade or Seville orange 1/2 lb., water 2 gallons; macerate for 24 hours, and distil 1 gallon. Ordinary orange flower water is very generally sold for this water.

Cinnamon Water. A gallon should be distilled from 20 oz. of fine cinnamon (bruised) and 2 gallons of water.

Strawberry Water. Bruised strawberries 4 lbs., water a gallon; macerate for 12 hours, and distil 6 pints.

The waters prepared without distillation (by diffusing the essential oils through water, after mixing them with chalk, magnesia, or silica, or dissolving them in spirit) are seldom so proper for perfumery purposes as those distilled from the flowers etc, Rose-water, made from the otto (8 drops of otto, previously mixed with a drachm of precipitated chalk, diffused in a quart of distilled water, and afterwards distilled or simply filtered), is to most persons very agreeable; hut that distilled from the flowers should also he kept, as it is by others greatly preferred. Musk Water, Violet Water, Jessamine Water, and some others, are made by mixing the spirituous essences with distilled or pure soft water. A usual proportion is

2 drs. to a pint.