The calx, or cinis antimonii, is called by Grinding terra sancta rulundi. When not greatly calcined, it is grey, and, as Boerhaave tells us, violently emetic. When more calcined, it is, as usual, inert. The flowers of antimony have engaged, in a great degree, the attention of former chemists. The various coloured flowers of Lemery were produced by the unequal action of the fire on different parts of the metal, and were found to be violently emetic. The red flowers were sublimed with sal ammoniac, and the salt separated by washing. This preparation formed the basis of the tinctura antimonii sicca of Carman, and was of no great activity. The flowers, prepared by means of common salt, suggested the caution formerly mentioned. They were virulent in their operation; probably from some admixture of butter of antimony. We shall mention under this head only one other preparation, the flos stibii hel-montianus. In this preparation the antimony was oxidated by aqua regia, and sublimed with sal ammoniac: it vomited violently; but, when washed, was milder. It was the emeticus miliar of Boerhaave.

The sulphur auratum antimonii and the kermes mineral, however, are the preparations which on the continent have obtained such extensive fame, and which foreign chemists have so strenuously laboured to improve. Indeed the former censure relating to the neglect of the kermes mineral in fevers, more generally must be confined to the English physicians. It was, we perceive, for many years the favourite febrifuge of the continent. The sulphur auratum antimonii is precipitated by quicksilver, dissolved in aquafortis, and thus forms the mercurial sulphur of antimony of Poerner, which he supposes highly useful in cutaneous complaints. Hoffman precipitates it by gold, dissolved in aqua regia, thus preparing the sulphur antimonii solare; and recommends it asa sudorific in venereal complaints. The sulphur auratum liquidum is a more modern, though operose, preparation. The sulphur auratum is dissolved in a caustic lixivium, and a soap prepared by adding oil of almonds or of poppies; and this is afterwards dissolved in astrong tincture of antimony. When it is recollected that the ancient physicians were so much attached to saponaceous remedies, it is not surprising that their prejudices and experience thus coinciding in a preparation should become a favourite. It was, in their opinion, aperient and de-obstruent; sudorific and alterant; useful in dropsy, cancer, chronic exanthemata, and gout.

The butter of antimony, chiefly used as an external preparation, has been tortured in a variety of ways. It has been prepared with luna cornea instead of corrosive sublimate, and is then the oleum glaciale lunare of Lemery: with the martial, instead of the crude, regulus, it is the martial butter of antimony; and attempered by twice its weight of sulphuric acid, is styled liquor Pellegrini. Sala's spiritus mellis, antimonio abstraclus, is only the butter of antimony in a milder form. The oleum antimonii compositum of Basil Valentine differs from the butter of antimony in the mode of preparation only, and the mixture of quicklime; which, as it does not rise in distillation, probably adds nothing to the pungency or efficacy of the application. The balsam of antimony, and the liquor vulnerarius of Basil Valentine, do not belong to this head: we mention them here only as external applications The glass of antimony in these preparations is united with distilled vinegar, evaporated to dryness, and mixed with the white of an egg. In this state it deliquesces, and then becomes the liquor vulnerarius.

The union of antimony with the vegetable acids forms, however, the most extensive list of preparations. The magisterium antimonii idiaphoreticum consists of the glass of antimony powdered and dissolved in distilled vinegar. If then joined with red coral, mother-of-pearl, and hartshorn calcined, seasoned' with the oils of cinnamon and cloves, it forms the bezoardicum anti-moniale of Angelus Sala. We may just stop to remark in this place, that we find the union of hartshorn with antimony not uncommon among the earliest chemists, particularly in Angelus Sala, Schroeder, and in Hoffman's notes on Poterius, where he almost teaches the modern preparation of James's powder, and from whom Dr. James evidently caught the idea of his preparation.

In the acetum emeticum of Lemery the antimony is united to vinegar; and he remarks, that it is more effectual if prepared with crude than with distilled vinegar. The tinctura ex croco metallorum of Bicker is the crocus dissolved in vinegar, and inspissated to the consistence of honey. In different ways, the union of vinegar with the oxides of antimony has furnished the vinum emeticum of Lemery; the aqua benedicta rulan-di; claretum purgatorium; vinum Hippocraticum anti-moniale; syrupus vomitorius; and the oxysaccharum vomitivum of Schroeder; the tinctura antimonii acida of Rosentengel; the tinctura and elixir antimonii of Basil Valentine; the vinum antimoniale of Huxham; and the essentia emetica of other authors. The panacea universalis, panacea antimonialis emetica, or tartarus emeticus solubilis, of Lemery, deserves a more particular notice. It is a neutral, composed of muriated and tartarised kali, with four parts of butter of antimony, eight of crystals of tartar, forty-eight of water, and five of salt of tartar. It is suffered to deliquesce in the air, and the nauseating dose is from six to twenty drops. Bergman's tartarus tartarisatus emeticus differs only from the emetic tartar, in employing the tartarised kali instead of crystals of tartar. We may just mention the tinctura antimonii tartarisata of Mayer; the tinctura antimonii hepatica salina, tinctura antimonii of other authors. It consists of wine digested with two parts of hepar antimonii; but, though highly commended, it seems to possess no very striking or peculiar properties.

Some preparations remain which contain scarcely any or no antimony except in their titles, or the antimony in an inactive state. The antimonium diaphoreticum, when powdered and washed in a linen bag, gives the cream of diaphoretic antimony. The pulvis albus antimonii of Basil Valentine is prepared by deflagrating the regulus three times with an equal weight of nitre, and washing it after each deflagration. Spirit of wine is to be eight times added, and again separated by distillation. After a process so operose, the preparation is useless. Ma-gistefium of diaphoretic antimony, materia perlata, sulphur fixatum stibii, sulphur antimonii fixatum, cerussa antimonii, cerussa antimonii diaphoretica, diaphoreticum regulinum, and antimonium diaphoreticum, are appellations of a similar inert calx. The cerussa antimonii Solaris, diaphoreticum minerale solare, stomachicum pote-rii, are pompous names for the highly oxidised and useless calx made from the solar regulus, and employed to attract the particles of quicksilver, which, after a long mercurial course, were supposed to be fixed in the fluids. A similar cerusse was prepared from the lunar regulus. The antimonium diaphoreticum joviale (antihecticum poterii) is a white calx, prepared from the jovial regulus, deflagrated with three parts of nitre. It is neglected as a remedy; and if it retain any powers, they are certainly adapted to the complaint in its common form. We have used it without apparent injury; and in cases where the bronchial vessels were greatly relaxed we thought it useful as a tonic. The antimonium diaphoreticum mar-tiale is the pulvis anticachecticus of Ludovici; the stoma-cichum of Poterius; the pulvis vitalis of Hall; and useless as an antimonial: but it contains some iron in an active state, though the martial regulus is deflagrated with three parts of nitre. The mercurius vite correc-tus of Sylvius, bezoardicum minerale, is prepared from the mercurius vitae, deflagrated with three parts of nitre, and consequently inert. The calx antimonii sine eul-phure consists chiefly of lime water, to which 0.11 of calx of antimony, and 0.02 of calx of iron, are added. The flores antimonii nitrosi are only the inert white oxide sublimed. The cinnabar of antimony differs in no respect from common cinnabar.