Pacha

See Pasha.

Pacific

Pacific, the S. W. county of Washington territory, bordering on the Pacific ocean, and bounded S. by the Columbia river; area, 1,140 sq. m.; pop. in 1870, 738. It is deeply indented by Shoalwater bay, into which flows the Willopah river. The fisheries are a source of wealth, oysters being abundant, especially in the bay. In the valley of the Willopah there is considerable productive land, and a short distance up the Columbia cement rock and silver-bearing veins are found. Cape Hancock (formerly Disappointment) forms the S. W. extremity of the county. The chief productions in 1870 were 550.bushels of wheat, 1,270 of oats, 4,695 of potatoes, 4,950 lbs. of wool, 10,375 of butter, and 386 tons of hay. The value of live stock was $42,425. Capital, Oysterville.

Pactolus

Pactolus (now Sardbat), a small river of Lydia, which had its source on the N. side of Mt. Tmolus, and, after a northerly course past Sardis, united with the Hermus. It was long famous for its gold washings, but at the beginning of the Christian era the "golden sands" were not worth collecting. (See Midas).

Padang

See Sumatra.

Paderborn

Paderborn, a town of Prussia, in Westphalia, on the river Pader and on the railway from Berlin to the Rhine, 40 m. S. by W. of Minden; pop. in 1871, 13,727. It contains a cathedral of the 11th century, a seminary with faculties of theology and philosophy, a Catholic gymnasium, a normal school, four convents, and several asylums. It has manufactures of brandy and several other articles, and a considerable trade in agricultural produce. Paderborn was founded by Charlemagne, who assembled here several diets of Saxony, and made the town a bishopric, which was subsequently erected into a principality of the empire. In the middle ages it belonged to the Hanseatic league. Ceded to Prussia in 1803, it was incorporated with the kingdom of Westphalia in 1807, and restored to Prussia by the treaty of Vienna.

Padis

See Po.

Paeonia

See Macedonia.

Paganism

Paganism, a general term applied to all forms of religious worship except Christianity, Judaism, and Mohammedanism. When Con-stantine forbade the worship of the heathen deities, the followers of the old religion retired to the country villages (pagi), where they could practise their rights in secrecy, and were hence called by the Christians pagani, or country people. The term thus came in time to denote heathens generally, irrespective of their places of abode. In the middle ages it was also applied to Mohammedans.

Painesville

Painesville, a village and the capital of Lake co., Ohio, on the W. bank of Grand river (crossed near here by a stone viaduct of four arches, 800.ft. long and 83 ft. high), 3 m. from the best natural harbor on Lake Erie, and on the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern and the Painesville and Youngstown railroads, 29 m. N. E. of Cleveland; pop. in 1870, 3,728. It is beautifully situated about 100 ft. above the lake, and contains a handsome public park-near its centre and many tasteful buildings. It has an active trade, and contains the works of the Geauga furnace company and several flouring mills, tanneries, founderies, machine shops, etc, two banks, a savings institution, a female seminary, graded public schools, three weekly newspapers, and six churches.