See Cortex Peruvianus. Holywell Water. A simple cold water, remarkable for its purity, similar to Malvern. Homa. An anasarcous swelling. Homo. Man. In a work, the object of which is to detail every thing which relates to the human body in health, or disease, an article under this title will perhaps not be expected. No such occurred to our predecessors; and had we found appropriate places for many of the subjects which will now claim our attention, we should not have introduced the subject in this connected and comprehensive view in one article; where, as already remarked, we purpose to collect all those circumstances relative to his structure and constitution, both mental and corporeal, which cannot, with advantage, be displayed in distinct, independent disquisitions.

Man stands supereminent among created beings, the first of the Almighty's works, the link 'probably between other animals and beings of a diviner nature. Man alone looks towards heaven: he only, by the excellence of his mental powers, can guard against the accidents to which his imbecility and the inferiority of his senses would subject him: he only can correct by his own reason the moral imperfections implanted in his nature. Gloomy philosophers delight to magnify his inferiority in many respects to the animals around, to sink him even below the monkey, which he appears, at first sight, to resemble in form; and Linnaeus has given a sanction to their misrepresentations by his arbitrary classification of man with the ape; and, what more strictly shows the weakness of his system, with the bat. The Swedish naturalist had once determined to class animals, like plants, from the organs of generation. In this respect the distinction would have been very striking, for a most complicated apparatus is required to build up the first of nature's works. Had Linnaeus followed this plan, he would have found the ape truly a beast, from the deficiency of the scrotum, the bone of the penis, and the want of the vesiculae seminales. In the female, the cornua uteri, which are found in every species of ape, except the pithecus; the length and direction of the vagina would have been very striking marks of distinction, which the teeth scarcely furnish. Various other discriminating appearances will soon occur.

The form of man is perhaps alone sufficient to distinguish him from other animals; and in the comparative view we now propose to take, we shall chiefly attend to the peculiarities of structure connected with form. The position of the head establishes the station of each animal. In man it is short and rounded; nearly balanced on the atlas, it scarcely falls on either side. In the Negro, the weight inclines forward, and the loins are thrown back to retain the equilibrium. In the ape the occipital hole is still farther back, and the balance only preserved by a still more oblique position. The other animals rest on the ground in an horizontal posture, and the weight of the head is supported by what is styled the cervical ligament. This is not found in man, as he wants not its assistance. It has been said, that men, found wild, have walked on their hands and feet. This is not probable, for the wild girl of Champagne, the Hanoverian wild boy, the two wild men of the Pyrenees, and the savage of Aveyron, walked upright; and we shall find that the structure of the muscles of the feet is not adapted for walking both on them and the hands: in this position also the eyes would be turned downward, and man could neither avoid danger nor discover his food.

The size of the head equally distinguishes man from animals. Almost universally the brain of man is larger, in proportion to his bulk, than that of any other animal. If there are some exceptions, the medullary part seems designed to compose the very large nerves sent to the muscular organs, in which the whole appears exhausted. These in man are comparatively small, so that the brain has evidently some other use, besides affording the source of activity to the muscles; an use denied to animals. We consequently find, that wherever the brain is large, and the nerves proportionally small, the intellectual powers are considerable, the strength of the body comparatively little, and the contrary. In the Negro the nerves are larger in proportion to the mass of the brain than in the white man; and his skull is less, though his face is more extensive. One method of determining the size of the face is that of Camper, formerly mentioned, viz. drawing the line from the chin to the forehead, which forms, with an horizontal line, a larger angle in an European than in a Negro and an ape, successively. Another method is to place the head in its natural position on the atlas, and to measure the angle, formed by a line drawn from the chin to the foramen occipitale, with one which passes through the vertebral column. The more obtuse this angle is the more contracted is the skull, and the more distant the foramen. The distance between the chin and the chest is of course greater in the Negro than the European; proportionally more distant successively in the dog, the hare, the sheep, the horse, the hog, and the whale, where the face is parallel to the vertebral column. On the contrary, the more the animal reflects, the more the face is sunk and the front advanced."a Negro to look forward raises his head above his breast: an ape still more: philosophers depress the chin; and the Jupiter of the ancients, with his eyes bent, seriously looking downwards, has the chin depressed on his breast."

The clavicle is a bone of which many animals are deprived, and varies in its form and its length. The more the chest is contracted, the shorter is the clavicle, if it at all exist. The organs of deglutition are influenced by the diet.

In the larynx of apes we find a sac, into which the air passes when breathed, so that it can neither affect, with the necessary vibrations, the ligaments of this organ, nor be influenced by the aperture of the glottis. We cannot expect, therefore, in these animals any articulation, but only a sharp indistinct noise, expressive by its acuteness of anger, or by its graver tones of satisfaction.