Maple

White lead tinted with a very little vermilion and about an equal quantity of lemon chrome. Some prefer yellow ochre only, others ochre and raw umber in the proportion of four ounces ochre and one ounce umber to thirty pounds of lead.

Medium Oak

Add French ochre to white lead in the proportions of about one hundred and twenty of lead to five of ochre. Add a little burnt umber.

Dark Mahogany

Four pounds of medium Venetian red, one pound of orange chrome yellow and one pound of burnt umber, or a little less burnt umber may be used according to the strength.

Light Mahogany

Mix six pounds of pure white lead with one pound medium Venetian red and five ounces of burnt umber.

Light Oak And Birch

Eighty parts of white-lead to one of yellow ochre produces a good ground, but sixty pounds of white lead, half a pound of French ochre and one ounce of lemon chrome is sometimes preferred.

Dark Oak

Sixty parts of white lead and one part of golden ochre may be used, or the following mixture if preferred. Six parts of white lead, one part of French ochre, one part medium Venetian red and one part of burnt umber.

Satinwood

Mix six ounces of lemon chrome to fifteen pounds of pure white lead and add a little deep English vermilion.

Pollard Oak

Tint one hundred parts of white lead with twenty-seven parts of French ochre, four parts of burnt amber and three and three-quarter parts medium Venetian red.

Pitch Pine

Tint sixty parts of white lead with half part medium Venetian red, and quarter part of French ochre.

Italian Walnut

One part of French ochre mixed with ten parts of pure white lead and quarter part of burnt umber and medium Venetian red give this ground.

American Walnut

Thirty parts pure white lead tinted with nine parts of French ochre, four parts burnt umber and one part medium Venetian red.

Antique Oak

Thirty parts pure white lead tinted with nine parts of French ochre, four parts burnt umber and one part medium Venetian red.

Ash. White lead tinted with a very little vermilion and about an equal quantity of lemon chrome. Some prefer yellow ochre only, others ochre and raw umber in the proportion of four ounces ochre and one ounce umber to thirty pounds of lead.

Birch

Eighty parts of white lead to one of yellow ochre produces a good ground, but sixty parts of white lead, one-eighth of a part of French ochre and one-sixteenth part, of lemon chrome is sometimes preferred.

Knotted Oak

Sixty parts of white lead, nine parts of French ochre and three and one-half parts burnt umber.

Rosewood And Dark Mahogany

Four parts of medium Venetian red, one part of orange chrome yellow, and one part of burnt umber, or a little less burnt umber may be used according to the strength.

The graining ground mixtures must be taken as an average arrived at from comparison of the methods employed by different painters in various parts of the country. As has been explained, the mixtures given are those which may be considered an average, and a variation of them may be made according to individual taste and judgment.