Francois Ferdinand Philippe Louis Marie Dorleans Joinville, prince de, the third son of Louis Philippe, king of the French, born at the palace of Neuilly, near Paris, Oct. 14, 1818. Like his elder brothers, he completed his classical studies in the college of Henry IV., and then entered the naval school at Brest. His birth secured him rapid promotion. In 1838, when Admiral Baudin was sent against Mexico, he had reached the rank of post captain, and distinguished himself during the bombardment of the castle of San Juan de Ulua. A few days later, at the head of a detachment of sailors, he landed near Vera Cruz, broke in the gate of the city, passed through the streets amid brisk discharges of musketry, and with his own hand took Gen. Arista prisoner. He was rewarded by the cross of the legion of honor, and promotion to the rank of full captain. In 1840 he was sent to St. Helena, with two frigates, the Belle Poule and Favorite, to receive the remains of Napoleon I., which were transported to France. After a visit to the United States and a cruise along the coast of Africa, he repaired to Rio de Janeiro, which he had already visited, and there, May 1,1843, married the princess Fran-cesca of Braganca, the sister of Dom Pedro II. In the same year he was appointed rear admiral, and became a member of the admiralty board; he participated in the deliberations of the committee for the organization of a steam navy, insisting upon the necessity of taking active measures toward this end.

In 1844 he was placed in command of the French fleet cruising along the coast of Morocco, and while Marshal Bugeaud was invading that empire by land, he bombarded Tangier, Aug. 6, and Moga-dore, Aug. 15, taking possession of the island and harbor, and obliged the Moors to come to terms. The prince, who entertained liberal opinions, had more than once warned his father of the dangers attending his retrograde policy; but his voice had been powerless. On the breaking out of the revolution of 1848 he was in Algeria; he resigned his command to republican Officers, sailed for England, and joined his exiled family at Claremont. When the constituent assembly discussed the decree of banishment against the Orleans family, he sent in a protest couched in most dignified terms. He lived for some years in retirement, keeping aloof from all political intrigues, and devoting his leisure hours to the education of his children and the colonization of his vast possessions in Brazil. The domain in France which he inherited from his aunt Adelaide was confiscated by Louis Napoleon in 1852. Shortly after the breaking out of the civil war in America he, with his nephews, the count de Paris and the duke de Chartres, joined the staff of Gen. McClellan, and took an active part in the Chickahominy campaign, returning to England in 1862. At the news of the first defeats of the French in the war of 1870 he offered his services to Napoleon, who declined to accept them.

Considering the decree of his exile made void by the downfall of the empire, he went with his brother the duke d'Aumale and the duke de Chartres to Paris. The government of national defence ordered their immediate departure, but the prince succeeded in participating in the campaign of the army of the Loire under cover of his American pseu-donyme of "Colonel Lutherod." Gambetta, who was then minister of war, ordered his arrest, and he was escorted by the police on board of a vessel to take him back to England, Jan. 18, 1871. Two departments, La Manche and Haute-Marne, elected him in the following month to a seat in the national assembly. He decided to represent the latter, but the assembly reserved its decision on the validity of his election. After the repeal of the laws of expatriation against the former sovereign families of France, and the declaration of the validity of the election of the princes, Joinville resigned his seat at the instance of Thiers. But, contrary to their promise, he and the duke d'Aumale appeared in the national assembly, Dec. 19. In letters addressed to the electors they explained their reasons for this step, and by an almost unanimous vote the assembly declared that the promises given were an entirely private affair in which it was not concerned.

He has contributed anonymously to the Revue des Deux Mondes many articles, several of which have been reprinted in pamphlet form. Among these are: Note sur l'etat des forces navales de la France (1844) Etude sur L'escadre de la Mediteranee (1852); La guerre de Chine (1857); La guerre d'Amerique, campagne du Potomac (1863); and a comparative view of the fleets of the United States and of France (1865). To him also has been attributed an article on the battle of Sadowa (1868).